International Health — MCQs

Question 101: Targeted screening for communicable diseases is most commonly implemented in which population?

• A. Newborns for thyroid disease
• B. Immigrant screening (Correct Answer)
• C. Diabetes mellitus
• D. Cervical cancer screening with Pap smear

Explanation: ***Immigrant screening*** - Targeted screening for communicable diseases such as **tuberculosis**, **hepatitis B**, and **HIV** is commonly implemented in immigrants due to varied disease prevalence in their countries of origin and potential for public health impact. - This screening aims to **prevent the spread** of these diseases within the host country and ensure appropriate medical attention for new arrivals. *Newborns for thyroid disease* - This is an example of **universal newborn screening** for a **non-communicable disease** (congenital hypothyroidism), not targeted screening for communicable diseases. - The purpose is early detection of conditions that can cause **developmental delays** if untreated, not preventing infection spread. *Diabetes mellitus* - Screening for **diabetes** focuses on a **non-communicable metabolic disorder**. - Screening typically targets individuals with risk factors like obesity, family history, or certain ethnic backgrounds, but it's not for communicable diseases. *Cervical cancer screening with Pap smear* - This screens for **cancer** (a non-communicable disease) caused by the **human papillomavirus (HPV)**, but the screening itself is not primarily for a communicable disease. - The Pap smear primarily detects **precancerous and cancerous changes** in cervical cells, rather than active HPV infection or other communicable diseases.