Infectious Diseases Practice Questions

Q: Under which name (brand) does the National AIDS Control Organisation provide the STI/RTI services?

Suraksha Clinic. ***Suraksha Clinic*** - The National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) provides its **STI/RTI services** under the brand name **Suraksha Clinic**. - These clinics offer confidential testing, treatment, and counseling for sexually transmitted infections and reproductive tract infections, aiming to control their spread. *Chhaya Clinic* - This is not the recognized brand name under which NACO provides STI/RTI services. - **NACO's initiatives** are specifically branded to ensure consistency and public recognition of their health programs. *Antara Clinic* - This is not the correct brand name for NACO's STI/RTI services. - The names of public health initiatives are often chosen to reflect their purpose and are standardized by the implementing organization. *Sathi Clinic* - This is not the designated name for NACO's STI/RTI services. - **Brand recognition** is crucial for public health programs to ensure that individuals seeking specific services can easily identify the correct facilities.

Q: A traveller who has passed through a yellow fever endemic zone and does not possess a Certificate of Vaccination against yellow fever, enters a yellow fever 'receptive' area. For how long from the date of leaving the infected area must this traveller be placed on quarantine in a mosquito-proof ward?

6 days. ***Correct Option: 6 days*** - International Health Regulations (IHR) specify that a traveler without a valid yellow fever vaccination certificate arriving from an endemic area into a receptive area must be placed in **quarantine for 6 days** from the date of leaving the infected territory. - This quarantine period corresponds to the **maximum incubation period of yellow fever (3-6 days)**, ensuring that if the traveler was infected just before departure, any clinical manifestations would appear before release from quarantine. - This prevents potential transmission by **Aedes aegypti mosquitoes** in the receptive area during the viremic phase. *Incorrect Option: 7 days* - While 7 days is a common quarantine period for some diseases, it is **one day longer** than the internationally stipulated period for yellow fever under IHR. - Quarantining for an excessive period is unnecessary and places an **undue burden** on the traveler. *Incorrect Option: 8 days* - This period is **longer than the maximum incubation period** for yellow fever and is not the recommended duration under IHR. - It would lead to an extended and **unjustified restriction** of the traveler's movement. *Incorrect Option: 10 days* - 10 days is a significantly **longer period** than scientifically necessary for yellow fever quarantine, based on its known incubation period. - Such an extended quarantine would be **disproportionate** to the actual risk and violates IHR guidelines.

Q: Which one among the following vectors transmits the filaria *Loa loa*?

Chrysops. ***Chrysops*** - **Deer flies** of the genus *Chrysops* are the **intermediate hosts** for *Loa loa*, transmitting the microfilariae when they bite. - These flies are typically found in the **humid rainforests of West and Central Africa**, where loiasis is endemic. *Cyclops* - *Cyclops* (copepods) are the **intermediate hosts** for **Dracunculus medinensis** (guinea worm) and **Diphyllobothrium latum** (fish tapeworm). - They are **freshwater crustaceans** and not involved in the transmission of filarial worms like *Loa loa*. *Simulium* - *Simulium* (blackflies) are the **vectors** for **Onchocerca volvulus**, which causes **onchocerciasis** (river blindness). - These flies breed in **fast-flowing rivers** and are known for their painful bites. *Culicoides* - *Culicoides* (biting midges) are the **vectors** for **Mansonella perstans** and **Mansonella streptocerca** filarial worms, as well as some viral diseases. - They are distinct from the *Chrysops* flies that transmit *Loa loa*.

Q: Which of the following mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquito ? 1. Dengue 2. West Nile fever 3. Yellow fever 4. Zika fever Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 3 and 4. ***1, 3 and 4*** - **Dengue**, **Yellow fever**, and **Zika fever** are all primarily transmitted by the *Aedes* mosquito, especially *Aedes aegypti* and *Aedes albopictus*. - These mosquitoes are known for biting during the day and thrive in urbanized environments. *1 and 3 only* - This option is incomplete as **Zika fever** is also transmitted by *Aedes* mosquitoes. - Excluding Zika fever makes this option incorrect, as Zika's primary vector is well-established as *Aedes*. *1, 2 and 3* - **West Nile fever** is primarily transmitted by *Culex* mosquitoes, not *Aedes*. - Therefore, its inclusion invalidates this option because *Aedes* is not the chief vector for West Nile fever. *2 and 4 only* - This option is incorrect because **West Nile fever** is not primarily transmitted by *Aedes* mosquitoes. - Moreover, it omits **Dengue** and **Yellow fever**, which are classic examples of *Aedes*-borne diseases.

Q: In which one of the following diseases, the transmission chain is 'Man-Snail-Man' ?

Schistosomiasis. ***Schistosomiasis*** - The transmission cycle for **schistosomiasis** involves humans as the definitive host and **snails** as the intermediate host. - Eggs are passed in human feces or urine, hatch in freshwater to **miracidia**, which then infect snails. Snails release **cercariae** that penetrate human skin, completing the 'Man-Snail-Man' chain. *Malaria* - The transmission chain for **malaria** is typically 'Man-Mosquito-Man', where Anopheles mosquitoes serve as the vector. - There is no involvement of **snails** in the life cycle of the Plasmodium parasite. *Onchocerciasis* - **Onchocerciasis**, or river blindness, is transmitted by the bite of infected blackflies (Simulium species). - The life cycle involves microfilariae maturing into adult worms in the human host, with blackflies as the **arthropod vector**. *Fish tapeworm* - The **fish tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum)** has a complex life cycle involving copepods (crustaceans) and fish as intermediate hosts. - Humans become infected by consuming raw or undercooked infected fish, not through **snail** involvement.

Q: A water body was inspected to look for the presence of mosquito eggs. It was observed that there were boat-shaped eggs, laid singly, not in clusters. The eggs also had lateral floats. Which one of the following diseases is most likely to be spread by the mosquito whose eggs were found ?

Malaria. ***Malaria*** - The description of **boat-shaped eggs**, laid singly, and possessing **lateral floats** is characteristic of the *Anopheles* mosquito. - *Anopheles* mosquitoes are the primary vectors for **malaria**, transmitting *Plasmodium* parasites to humans. *Dengue fever* - Dengue fever is primarily transmitted by the *Aedes* mosquito, which lays **single, oval-shaped eggs** on water surfaces, typically in domestic containers. - These eggs lack the **boat shape** and **lateral floats** seen with *Anopheles*. *Japanese encephalitis* - Japanese encephalitis is mainly spread by *Culex* mosquitoes, which lay their eggs in **rafts** on the surface of water. - Their eggs are not boat-shaped or laid singly with lateral floats. *Chikungunya fever* - Chikungunya fever is transmitted by *Aedes* mosquitoes (similar to dengue), which lay their eggs **singly** on the sides of containers above the water line. - The eggs are **oval** and do not have the distinct boat-shape or lateral floats of *Anopheles*.

Q: NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) in India works towards which of the following causes? 1. Screening high-risk cases of HIV 2. Facilitating adoption of orphans 3. Public education towards safe sex 4. Providing antiretroviral therapy. Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1, 3 and 4. **1, 3 and 4** - **NACO** (National AIDS Control Organization) is the primary body in India responsible for formulating policy and implementing programs for **HIV/AIDS prevention and control**. - Its core functions include **screening high-risk cases** for HIV, conducting **public education campaigns** on safe sex practices to prevent transmission, and ensuring access to **antiretroviral therapy (ART)** for those infected. *2, 3 and 4* - While NACO focuses on preventing and managing HIV/AIDS, **facilitating the adoption of orphans** (Option 2) is not a direct or primary function of NACO. - NACO's mandate centers on health-related interventions, not social welfare programs like adoption. *1, 2 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes "facilitating adoption of orphans" (Option 2) as a function of NACO. - Public education (Option 3) is a crucial component of NACO's strategy that is omitted in this selection. *1, 2 and 3* - This option incorrectly includes "facilitating adoption of orphans" (Option 2) and omits "providing antiretroviral therapy" (Option 4). - Providing **ART** is a fundamental and critical service directly managed and supported by NACO.

Q: The National AIDS Control Organization provides prepacked colour-coded STI/RTI kits as a free supply to its designated STI/RTI clinics. Consider the following pairs: Pair No Colour codes STI/RTI conditions 1 Red Urethral discharge 2 Green Vaginitis 3 White Inguinal bubo How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Only two of the pairs. ***Only two of the pairs*** - Pair 1 (Red - Urethral discharge) is **correctly matched** according to NACO STI/RTI syndromic management guidelines - Pair 3 (White - Inguinal bubo) is **correctly matched** as per NACO color-coding system - Pair 2 (Green - Vaginitis) is **incorrectly matched** because Green kit is designated for lower abdominal pain, not vaginitis - **Yellow kit** is used for vaginal discharge/vaginitis, not Green - NACO color-coded kits ensure standardized syndromic management: Red (urethral discharge), Yellow (vaginal discharge), Green (lower abdominal pain), White (genital ulcer/inguinal bubo) *Only one pair* - This is incorrect as two pairs are correctly matched (Red-Urethral discharge and White-Inguinal bubo) - Green is not the correct color for vaginitis; it is meant for lower abdominal pain syndrome *All the pairs* - This is incorrect because Pair 2 (Green-Vaginitis) is wrongly matched - Green kit is designated for lower abdominal pain, while Yellow kit is for vaginal discharge/vaginitis - Only two out of three pairs are correctly matched *None of the pairs* - This is incorrect as both Pair 1 (Red-Urethral discharge) and Pair 3 (White-Inguinal bubo) are correctly matched according to NACO guidelines - Two pairs show accurate color-syndrome correlation

Q: In the National Malaria Control Programme, Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) is the primary method of vector control in rural setting. Which one of the following is the 'insecticide of choice'?

Synthetic pyrethroid. ***Synthetic pyrethroid*** - **Synthetic pyrethroids** are the **insecticide of choice** for Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) in many national malaria control programs due to their **rapid knockdown effect** and good residual activity. - They are effective against various mosquito species and have a **relatively low toxicity** to humans at recommended concentrations. *Temephos* - **Temephos** is primarily used as a **larvicide**, often applied to waterbodies to control mosquito larvae. - It is **not suitable for IRS** as it lacks the necessary residual effect on surfaces to control adult mosquitoes effectively. *DDT* - **DDT** was historically a very effective insecticide for malaria control but is now **restricted or banned** in many countries due to its **environmental persistence** and potential health concerns. - While still used in some specific contexts, it is generally **not the primary insecticide of choice** for new or ongoing programs due to these restrictions and growing **insecticide resistance**. *Malathion* - **Malathion** is an **organophosphate insecticide** that can be used for IRS, but it generally has a **shorter residual effect** compared to synthetic pyrethroids. - It may also have issues with **odor** and require more frequent reapplication, making it a less preferred option than pyrethroids in many programs.

Question 1

The National Framework for Malaria Elimination in India (2016-2030) has defined certain milestones and targets. Among the following, which is the specific target that has to be met by the year 2027?

Accepted Answer

All states and UTs must reduce API to less than 1 case per 1000 population at risk.

Answer

All states and UTs must establish fully functional malaria surveillance to track, investigate and respond to each case.

Answer

Entire country has to initiate the process for certification of malaria elimination.

Answer

Entire country is to have no indigenous cases and no deaths due to malaria.

Question 2

Under which name (brand) does the National AIDS Control Organisation provide the STI/RTI services?

Accepted Answer

Suraksha Clinic

Answer

Chhaya Clinic

Answer

Antara Clinic

Answer

Sathi Clinic

Question 3

A traveller who has passed through a yellow fever endemic zone and does not possess a Certificate of Vaccination against yellow fever, enters a yellow fever 'receptive' area. For how long from the date of leaving the infected area must this traveller be placed on quarantine in a mosquito-proof ward?

Accepted Answer

6 days

Answer

7 days

Answer

8 days

Answer

10 days

Question 4

Which one among the following vectors transmits the filaria *Loa loa*?

Accepted Answer

Chrysops

Answer

Cyclops

Answer

Simulium

Answer

Culicoides

Question 5

Which of the following mosquito-borne diseases are transmitted chiefly by Aedes mosquito ?

1. Dengue
2. West Nile fever
3. Yellow fever
4. Zika fever

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

Accepted Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

1 and 3 only

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Answer

2 and 4 only

Question 6

In which one of the following diseases, the transmission chain is 'Man-Snail-Man' ?

Accepted Answer

Schistosomiasis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Onchocerciasis

Answer

Fish tapeworm

Question 7

A water body was inspected to look for the presence of mosquito eggs. It was observed that there were boat-shaped eggs, laid singly, not in clusters. The eggs also had lateral floats. Which one of the following diseases is most likely to be spread by the mosquito whose eggs were found ?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Dengue fever

Answer

Japanese encephalitis

Answer

Chikungunya fever

Question 8

NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) in India works towards which of the following causes?

1. Screening high-risk cases of HIV
2. Facilitating adoption of orphans
3. Public education towards safe sex
4. Providing antiretroviral therapy.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Accepted Answer

1, 3 and 4

Answer

2, 3 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 4

Answer

1, 2 and 3

Question 9

The National AIDS Control Organization provides prepacked colour-coded STI/RTI kits as a free supply to its designated STI/RTI clinics. Consider the following pairs: Pair No Colour codes STI/RTI conditions 1 Red Urethral discharge 2 Green Vaginitis 3 White Inguinal bubo How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

Only two of the pairs

Answer

All the pairs

Answer

Only one pair

Answer

None of the pairs

Question 10

In the National Malaria Control Programme, Indoor Residual Spray (IRS) is the primary method of vector control in rural setting. Which one of the following is the 'insecticide of choice'?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic pyrethroid

Answer

Temephos

Answer

DDT

Answer

Malathion

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

Infectious Diseases — MCQs

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