Neck — MCQs
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Third part of vertebral artery is related to which of the following ?
Inferior thyroid artery supplies which of the following structures? 1. Thyroid 2. Parathyroid 3. Esophagus 4. Thymus
During a surgical procedure involving the posterior triangle of the neck, which of the following muscles forms its anterior boundary?
A 45-year-old male patient presents with difficulty swallowing and hoarseness that has progressively worsened over the past month. During physical examination, the physician notices that the patient's left vocal cord is paralyzed. The paralysis is most likely due to compression of which of the following nerves?
Adam's apple in males is formed by the
Adam's apple seen in boys is because of:
Superior margin of infant's larynx is at the level of
Which of the following cartilages has signet ring shape?
Submandibular nodes are classified as
During a knife fight, a person is injured in the neck region and presents with weakness in raising the right arm above the head. On further examination, winging of the right scapula is noted. The injury has damaged:
Neck Indian Medical PG Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 351: Third part of vertebral artery is related to which of the following ?
- A. Foramen magnum and intracranial course
- B. Transverse foramen of C6 vertebra
- C. Posterior arch of atlas (C1) (Correct Answer)
- D. Transverse foramina of C2-C6 vertebrae
Explanation: ***Posterior arch of atlas (C1)*** - The **third part** of the vertebral artery emerges from the **transverse foramen of C1** and courses laterally and posteriorly around the **posterior arch of the atlas**. - This segment then pierces the **posterior atlanto-occipital membrane** and dura to enter the skull. *Transverse foramina of C2-C6 vertebrae* - This describes the typical course of the **second part** of the vertebral artery, which ascends through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae from **C6 to C2**. - The third part's specific relation is to C1, not the lower cervical vertebrae. *Foramen magnum and intracranial course* - This refers to the **fourth part** of the vertebral artery, which enters the skull through the **foramen magnum** and then runs superiorly to join the other vertebral artery to form the basilar artery. - The third part is extra-cranial, occurring before entry into the skull. *Transverse foramen of C6 vertebra* - The **first part** of the vertebral artery courses superiorly from its origin, typically entering the transverse foramen of the **C6 vertebra**. - The third part is located much higher, at the level of the C1 vertebra.
Question 352: Inferior thyroid artery supplies which of the following structures? 1. Thyroid 2. Parathyroid 3. Esophagus 4. Thymus
- A. 1 and 2 only
- B. 1,2 and 3 (Correct Answer)
- C. 1,2 and 4 only
- D. 1,2,3 and 4
Explanation: ***1,2 and 3*** - The **inferior thyroid artery** is a branch of the **thyrocervical trunk** and supplies the **thyroid gland**, **parathyroid glands**, and the **cervical part of the esophagus** [1]. - It also gives branches to the **trachea** and **larynx** (via the inferior laryngeal artery). - These are the standard, consistently described structures supplied by this artery in anatomical texts. *1 and 2 only* - This option is incomplete as the inferior thyroid artery provides blood supply to more structures than just the thyroid and parathyroid glands. - It also supplies the **cervical portion of the esophagus** through its esophageal branches. *1,2 and 4 only* - This option is incorrect because the inferior thyroid artery does supply the **esophagus** (cervical part), which is missing from this option. - The **thymus** is primarily supplied by branches of the **internal thoracic artery**, not the inferior thyroid artery. *1,2,3 and 4* - This option is incorrect because the **thymus** is NOT a standard structure supplied by the inferior thyroid artery. - The thymus receives its blood supply primarily from the **internal thoracic artery** (anterior mediastinal branches) and sometimes from the **superior thyroid artery**. [1] - The inferior thyroid artery's distribution includes thyroid, parathyroid, esophagus, trachea, and larynx—but not the thymus.
Question 353: During a surgical procedure involving the posterior triangle of the neck, which of the following muscles forms its anterior boundary?
- A. Scalene anterior
- B. Trapezius
- C. Sternocleidomastoid (Correct Answer)
- D. Omohyoid
Explanation: ***Sternocleidomastoid*** - The **sternocleidomastoid muscle** forms the **anterior boundary** of the **posterior triangle of the neck**. - Its broad origin on the sternum and clavicle and insertion on the mastoid process help define this triangular region. *Scalene anterior* - The **scalene anterior muscle** is located deeper in the neck and is not a direct boundary of the posterior triangle. - This muscle is part of the **floor** of the posterior triangle, along with other prevertebral muscles, but does not form its anterior border. *Trapezius* - The **trapezius muscle** forms the **posterior boundary** of the posterior triangle of the neck, running from the nuchal line and thoracic vertebrae to the clavicle and scapula. - It would be incorrect to identify it as the anterior boundary. *Omohyoid* - The **inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle** crosses the posterior triangle, subdividing it into occipital and supraclavicular triangles. - It does not form one of the main borders of the entire posterior triangle.
Question 354: A 45-year-old male patient presents with difficulty swallowing and hoarseness that has progressively worsened over the past month. During physical examination, the physician notices that the patient's left vocal cord is paralyzed. The paralysis is most likely due to compression of which of the following nerves?
- A. Left superior laryngeal nerve
- B. Left vagus nerve
- C. Right recurrent laryngeal nerve
- D. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Left recurrent laryngeal nerve*** - The **left recurrent laryngeal nerve** innervates all intrinsic muscles of the left larynx, except the cricothyroid muscle [1]. - Damage or compression of this nerve leads to **left vocal cord paralysis** and associated symptoms like hoarseness and difficulty swallowing (dysphagia). *Left superior laryngeal nerve* - The **superior laryngeal nerve** innervates the cricothyroid muscle, which is responsible for tensing the vocal cords. - Damage to this nerve primarily affects **pitch control** and would not typically cause complete vocal cord paralysis. *Left vagus nerve* - The **vagus nerve** gives rise to both the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves [1]. - While damage to the main vagus nerve would cause vocal cord paralysis, the more specific finding of isolated vocal cord paralysis points to an issue with its branch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve [1]. *Right recurrent laryngeal nerve* - The **right recurrent laryngeal nerve** controls the intrinsic muscles of the right larynx. - Damage to this nerve would result in **right vocal cord paralysis**, not left vocal cord paralysis as described in the patient.
Question 355: Adam's apple in males is formed by the
- A. Hyoid bone
- B. Epiglottis cartilage
- C. Thyroid cartilage (Correct Answer)
- D. Cricoid cartilage
Explanation: ***Thyroid cartilage*** - The "Adam's apple" is anatomically known as the **laryngeal prominence**, which is formed by the anterior-most projection of the **thyroid cartilage**. - This prominence is typically more pronounced in males due to **hormonal influences** during puberty that lead to a larger larynx and vocal cords. *Hyoid bone* - The **hyoid bone** is a U-shaped bone located superior to the larynx that supports the tongue, but it does not form the "Adam's apple." - It is unique because it is the only bone in the human body not articulating with any other bone. *Epiglottis cartilage* - The **epiglottis** is a leaf-shaped elastic cartilage that covers the entrance to the larynx during swallowing to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea. - It is positioned posterior to the thyroid cartilage and is not externally visible as the "Adam's apple." *Cricoid cartilage* - The **cricoid cartilage** is a complete ring of hyaline cartilage located inferior to the thyroid cartilage, forming the base of the larynx. - While it's a part of the larynx, it does not form the anterior projection known as the "Adam's apple."
Question 356: Adam's apple seen in boys is because of:
- A. Thyroid cartilage (Correct Answer)
- B. Tracheal rings
- C. Hyoid bone
- D. Cricoid cartilage
Explanation: Thyroid cartilage - The "Adam's apple" is a common term for the laryngeal prominence, which is formed by the anterior projection of the thyroid cartilage. - During puberty in males, the thyroid cartilage grows significantly, leading to a more prominent protrusion and deepening of the voice [1]. Tracheal rings - The tracheal rings are C-shaped cartilages that provide structural support to the trachea, preventing its collapse. - They are located inferior to the larynx and are not visible externally as a distinct prominence like the Adam's apple. Hyoid bone - The hyoid bone is a U-shaped bone located in the anterior neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. - It is unique because it is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with any other bone; it serves as an anchor for muscles of the tongue and floor of the mouth. Cricoid cartilage - The cricoid cartilage is a ring-shaped cartilage located inferior to the thyroid cartilage, forming the base of the larynx. - While it is a part of the larynx, its anterior projection is not as prominent as that of the thyroid cartilage, and it does not form the "Adam's apple."
Question 357: Superior margin of infant's larynx is at the level of
- A. Cervical spine C1
- B. Cervical spine C4
- C. Cervical spine C2 (Correct Answer)
- D. Cervical spine C3
Explanation: ***Cervical spine C2*** - In infants, the **larynx** is positioned relatively high in the neck, with its superior margin typically found at the level of the **second cervical vertebra (C2)**. - This high laryngeal position is crucial for **coordinated sucking and breathing** in infants. *Cervical spine C1* - The superior margin of the larynx is generally lower than **C1** in infants. - **C1** (atlas) is the uppermost cervical vertebra, and the larynx typically extends below this level. *Cervical spine C4* - In adults, the superior margin of the larynx descends to around the level of **C4**. - This option represents the **adult laryngeal position**, which is significantly lower than in infants. *Cervical spine C3* - While the larynx is relatively high in infants, its superior margin typically sits slightly above **C3**. - **C3** usually corresponds to the body of the hyoid bone, with the top of the larynx being around C2.
Question 358: Which of the following cartilages has signet ring shape?
- A. Cricoid (Correct Answer)
- B. Cuneiform
- C. Thyroid
- D. Arytenoid
Explanation: ***Cricoid*** - The **cricoid cartilage** is the only complete ring of cartilage in the airway, forming the base of the larynx. - Its unique shape, with a narrow anterior arch and a broad posterior lamina, resembles a **signet ring**. *Cuneiform* - **Cuneiform cartilages** are small, rod-shaped cartilages found within the aryepiglottic folds. - They provide support to the folds but do not have a signet ring shape. *Thyroid* - The **thyroid cartilage** is the largest laryngeal cartilage and is shield-shaped, commonly known as the Adam's apple. - It is an incomplete ring posteriorly and does not have a signet ring appearance. *Arytenoid* - **Arytenoid cartilages** are paired pyramidal cartilages that articulate with the cricoid cartilage. - They are crucial for vocal cord movement but are not ring-shaped.
Question 359: Submandibular nodes are classified as
- A. Level III neck nodes
- B. Level II neck nodes
- C. Level 1B neck nodes (Correct Answer)
- D. Level 1A neck nodes
Explanation: ***Level 1B neck nodes*** - The **submandibular nodes** are located anterior to the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and lateral to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle, placing them within **Level 1B** of the neck lymph node classification [1]. - This level primarily drains the oral cavity, face, and submandibular gland [1]. *Level III neck nodes* - **Level III** nodes are the middle jugular nodes, located between the level of the hyoid bone and the cricoid cartilage. - These nodes are typically found along the **internal jugular vein** and drain structures such as the larynx, hypopharynx, and thyroid. *Level II neck nodes* - **Level II** nodes, or upper jugular nodes, are located from the skull base to the inferior border of the hyoid bone, along the internal jugular vein. - This level is further divided into Level IIA (anterior to the spinal accessory nerve) and Level IIB (posterior to the spinal accessory nerve) and drains structures like the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and parotid gland. *Level 1 A neck nodes* - **Level 1A** nodes refer to the **submental nodes**, which are located between the anterior bellies of the digastric muscles [1]. - These nodes primarily drain the central lower lip, floor of the mouth, anterior tongue, and chin [1].
Question 360: During a knife fight, a person is injured in the neck region and presents with weakness in raising the right arm above the head. On further examination, winging of the right scapula is noted. The injury has damaged:
- A. Long thoracic nerve of Bell
- B. Dorsal scapular nerve
- C. Suprascapular nerve
- D. Spinal accessory nerve (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***Spinal accessory nerve*** - **Weakness in raising the arm above the head** and **winging of the scapula** are characteristic signs of **trapezius muscle dysfunction**, which is supplied by the **spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)**. - The trapezius is essential for **upward rotation of the scapula** during overhead arm abduction (>90°). - Injury to the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle of the neck causes **lateral winging** of the scapula (inferior angle moves laterally), which is most prominent when attempting to raise the arm overhead. - The combination of **scapular winging** + **inability to abduct the arm above horizontal** is pathognomonic for trapezius paralysis. *Long thoracic nerve of Bell* - Damage to the long thoracic nerve causes paralysis of the **serratus anterior muscle**, leading to **medial winging** of the scapula (medial border lifts away from chest wall). - While scapular winging occurs, it is most prominent during **forward flexion** or **pushing movements** (e.g., push-ups, pushing against a wall), not specifically when raising the arm overhead. - Patients can usually still abduct the arm overhead, though with altered scapular mechanics. *Dorsal scapular nerve* - The dorsal scapular nerve innervates the **rhomboid major and minor muscles** and the **levator scapulae**. - Injury primarily causes difficulty **retracting the scapula** (pulling shoulders back) and weakness in shoulder elevation. - Does **not** cause scapular winging or significant weakness in overhead arm movement. *Suprascapular nerve* - The suprascapular nerve innervates the **supraspinatus** and **infraspinatus muscles**. - Damage causes weakness of shoulder **initiation of abduction** (first 15° by supraspinatus) and **external rotation** (infraspinatus). - Does **not** cause scapular winging, as these are rotator cuff muscles, not scapular stabilizers.
Practice by Chapter
Cervical Fascia
Practice Questions
Triangles of the Neck
Practice Questions
Deep Structures of the Neck
Practice Questions
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Practice Questions
Vasculature of the Neck
Practice Questions
Lymphatic Drainage
Practice Questions
Cervical Plexus
Practice Questions
Root of the Neck
Practice Questions
Applied Anatomy and Clinical Correlations
Practice Questions
Surface Anatomy of the Neck
Practice Questions
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