UPSC-CMS 2022 — Anatomy

Q: Uterus is supported by which of the following ligaments? 1. Pubocervical ligament 2. Cardinal ligament 3. Uterosacral ligament 4. Ovarian ligament.

1, 2 and 3. ***1, 2 and 3*** - The **Pubocervical**, **Cardinal**, and **Uterosacral ligaments** are collectively known as the **endopelvic fascia** or **true ligaments** of the uterus, providing primary support [1]. - These ligaments attach the cervix and uterus to the pelvic walls, preventing uterine prolapse [1]. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the **ovarian ligament** as a primary uterine support, while excluding the critical **pubocervical ligament**. - The ovarian ligament mainly connects the ovary to the uterus and does not offer significant structural support for the uterus itself. *1, 2 and 4* - This choice incorrectly excludes the **uterosacral ligament**, which is a key component of the primary uterine support system [1]. - The uterosacral ligaments contribute to posterior uterine support and help maintain its anteverted position [1]. *1, 3 and 4* - This option omits the **cardinal ligament** (also known as Mackenrodt's ligament), which is one of the most crucial supports for the uterus, stabilizing the cervix laterally [1]. - The cardinal ligaments are rich in connective tissue and provide significant lateral structural support [1]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

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Which of the following statements regarding annular pancreas is INCORRECT? 1. It results from failure of rotation of ventral pancreatic bud during development. 2. A ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second or third part of duodenum. 3. It presents with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction. 4. Duodenoduodenostomy is the preferred treatment of this condition.

Uterus is supported by which of the following ligaments? 1. Pubocervical ligament 2. Cardinal ligament 3. Uterosacral ligament 4. Ovarian ligament.

UPSC-CMS 2022 - Anatomy UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: Which of the following statements regarding annular pancreas is INCORRECT? 1. It results from failure of rotation of ventral pancreatic bud during development. 2. A ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second or third part of duodenum. 3. It presents with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction. 4. Duodenoduodenostomy is the preferred treatment of this condition.

A. 4. Duodenoduodenostomy is the preferred treatment of this condition. (Correct Answer)
B. 3. It presents with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction.
C. 1. It results from failure of rotation of ventral pancreatic bud during development.
D. 2. A ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second part of duodenum.

Explanation: ***Correct Answer: 4. Duodenoduodenostomy is the preferred treatment of this condition.*** - This statement is **INCORRECT** and hence the correct answer to this question. - The preferred surgical treatment for symptomatic annular pancreas is a **bypass procedure** such as **duodenojejunostomy** or **gastrojejunostomy**, NOT duodenoduodenostomy. [1], [3] - The goal is to **relieve duodenal obstruction** without resecting pancreatic tissue, which carries high risk of complications including pancreatitis and pancreatic fistula. *Incorrect Option 1: It results from failure of rotation of ventral pancreatic bud during development.* - This statement is **correct**. - Annular pancreas is a rare **congenital anomaly** caused by abnormal **rotation and fusion of the ventral pancreatic bud** with the dorsal bud during embryonic development, resulting in pancreatic tissue encircling the duodenum. *Incorrect Option 2: A ring of pancreatic tissue surrounds the second or third part of duodenum.* - This statement is **correct**. - Annular pancreas is characterized by a **ring of pancreatic tissue** that encircles the **second part of the duodenum** (most commonly), though the third part can occasionally be involved. *Incorrect Option 3: It presents with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction.* - This statement is **correct**. - The classic presentation includes **vomiting due to duodenal obstruction**, which can be complete or partial. [2] - In neonates, this manifests as **bilious vomiting** and feeding intolerance; in adults, postprandial fullness and recurrent vomiting are common. [2]

Question 2: Uterus is supported by which of the following ligaments? 1. Pubocervical ligament 2. Cardinal ligament 3. Uterosacral ligament 4. Ovarian ligament.

A. 2, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 3 (Correct Answer)
C. 1, 2 and 4
D. 1, 3 and 4

Explanation: ***1, 2 and 3*** - The **Pubocervical**, **Cardinal**, and **Uterosacral ligaments** are collectively known as the **endopelvic fascia** or **true ligaments** of the uterus, providing primary support [1]. - These ligaments attach the cervix and uterus to the pelvic walls, preventing uterine prolapse [1]. *2, 3 and 4* - This option incorrectly includes the **ovarian ligament** as a primary uterine support, while excluding the critical **pubocervical ligament**. - The ovarian ligament mainly connects the ovary to the uterus and does not offer significant structural support for the uterus itself. *1, 2 and 4* - This choice incorrectly excludes the **uterosacral ligament**, which is a key component of the primary uterine support system [1]. - The uterosacral ligaments contribute to posterior uterine support and help maintain its anteverted position [1]. *1, 3 and 4* - This option omits the **cardinal ligament** (also known as Mackenrodt's ligament), which is one of the most crucial supports for the uterus, stabilizing the cervix laterally [1]. - The cardinal ligaments are rich in connective tissue and provide significant lateral structural support [1].