UPSC-CMS 2020 - Internal Medicine Practice Questions

Q: Which one of the following is NOT an electronic information site in surgery?

Surgical textbook. ***Surgical textbook*** - A surgical textbook is a **physical or digital book** containing detailed information on surgical procedures, principles, and concepts. It is a traditional source of information, not an electronic information site. - While it provides valuable knowledge, it does not function as an **online database** or search engine for current medical literature. *Embase* - **Embase** is a comprehensive biomedical and pharmacological database, used for searching medical literature and evidence. - It contains a vast amount of information, including **articles, conference abstracts**, and drug-related data, making it an electronic information site. *Cochrane library* - The **Cochrane Library** is a collection of databases that contain different types of high-quality, independent evidence to inform healthcare decision-making. - It is particularly known for its **systematic reviews and meta-analyses**, making it a key electronic information site for evidence-based medicine. *Pubmed* - **PubMed** is a free search engine accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references and abstracts on life sciences and biomedical topics. - It is one of the most widely used **electronic information sites** for medical literature searches by healthcare professionals and researchers.

Q: The initial prevention strategy for antiphospholipid syndrome will be: 1. Steroids 2. Heparin 3. Low dose aspirin 4. Progesterone support Which of the above is/are correct?

2 and 3. ***2 and 3*** - For pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), a combination of **low-dose aspirin** and **low molecular weight heparin (LMWH)** or **unfractionated heparin (UFH)** is the most widely accepted and effective initial prevention strategy to prevent pregnancy complications. - **Low-dose aspirin** helps reduce platelet aggregation, while **heparin** inhibits coagulation, addressing both thrombotic tendencies associated with APS. *1 and 4* - **Steroids** are typically reserved for severe manifestations of APS, such as catastrophic APS or refractory cases, and are not part of the initial standard preventative regimen. - **Progesterone support** is indicated for threatened miscarriage or luteal phase defect but does not address the underlying thrombotic risk in APS for pregnancy prevention. *3 only* - While **low-dose aspirin** is an important component, it is insufficient on its own for preventing pregnancy complications in women with antiphospholipid syndrome due to the high thrombotic risk. - **Heparin**, either LMWH or UFH, is crucial to provide adequate anticoagulation and is always used in conjunction with aspirin for initial prevention. *3 and 4* - **Low-dose aspirin** is appropriate, but **progesterone support** (4) is not a primary measure for preventing thrombotic events or pregnancy complications specifically linked to antiphospholipid syndrome. - The critical missing component in this option is **heparin**, which is essential for anticoagulation in APS pregnancies.

Q: DASH diet plan is advocated in the control of which one of the following diseases?

Hypertension. ***Hypertension*** - The **DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)** diet is specifically designed to **lower blood pressure**, making it the primary dietary intervention for hypertension [1]. - It emphasizes foods rich in **potassium**, **calcium**, and **magnesium**, such as fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy, while limiting sodium, saturated fat, and cholesterol [1]. *Rheumatic heart disease* - **Rheumatic heart disease** is a consequence of untreated streptococcal infection and is not primarily managed through dietary interventions like the DASH diet. - Management focuses on **antibiotic treatment** and preventing recurrent infections, as well as addressing heart complications. *Cancer* - While a healthy diet contributes to overall cancer prevention and management, the **DASH diet** is not specifically tailored or broadly advocated as the primary dietary intervention for **cancer** control. - Dietary recommendations for cancer often vary based on the type of cancer and individual patient needs, sometimes focusing on specific antioxidants or anti-inflammatory foods. *Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease* - **Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)** management primarily involves smoking cessation, bronchodilators, steroids, and oxygen therapy, with nutrition playing a supportive, rather than primary, role. - Nutritional support for COPD patients often focuses on maintaining adequate weight and energy intake, rather than a specific diet like DASH, which is aimed at blood pressure regulation.

Question 1

Which one of the following is NOT an electronic information site in surgery?

Accepted Answer

Surgical textbook

Answer

Embase

Answer

Cochrane library

Answer

Pubmed

Question 2

The initial prevention strategy for antiphospholipid syndrome will be:
1. Steroids
2. Heparin
3. Low dose aspirin
4. Progesterone support
Which of the above is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

2 and 3

Answer

1 and 4

Answer

3 only

Answer

3 and 4

Question 3

DASH diet plan is advocated in the control of which one of the following diseases?

Accepted Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Rheumatic heart disease

Answer

Cancer

Answer

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

UPSC-CMS 2020 — Internal Medicine