UPSC-CMS 2019

119 Questions — Page 10 of 12

All (119)Anatomy (1)Anesthesiology (1)Biochemistry (3)Community Medicine (28)ENT (1)Internal Medicine (10)Microbiology (1)Obstetrics and Gynecology (37)Ophthalmology (2)Orthopaedics (1)Pathology (5)Pediatrics (3)Pharmacology (6)Physiology (2)Radiology (2)Surgery (16)

Biochemistry

2 questions

Q91

Which one of the following oil/fat contains high mono-unsaturated fatty acid and moderate linoleic acid?

Q92

Which one of the following trace elements if deficient in the diet can lead to low birth weight, preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion or even congenital malformation like anencephaly?

UPSC-CMS 2019 - Biochemistry UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 91: Which one of the following oil/fat contains high mono-unsaturated fatty acid and moderate linoleic acid?

A. Flax seed oil
B. Palm kernel oil
C. Groundnut oil (Correct Answer)
D. Safflower oil

Explanation: ***Groundnut oil*** - Groundnut oil, also known as peanut oil, is rich in **monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)**, particularly **oleic acid**, which can constitute 40-60% of its fat content. - It also contains a moderate amount of **linoleic acid (LA)**, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, typically around 20-30%. *Flax seed oil* - Flax seed oil is known for its exceptionally high content of **alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)**, an omega-3 fatty acid, making it predominantly polyunsaturated. - While it contains some MUFAs and LA, their proportions are significantly lower than in groundnut oil. *Palm kernel oil* - Palm kernel oil is characterized by a very high content of **saturated fatty acids**, especially **lauric acid**, making it solid at room temperature. - It contains very low levels of both monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids like linoleic acid. *Safflower oil* - Safflower oil is available in two main types: high-linoleic and high-oleic. Traditional safflower oil is extremely high in **linoleic acid** (up to 75%), while high-oleic varieties are very high in **oleic acid** (up to 80%). - It does not contain a moderate amount of linoleic acid alongside high MUFAs in the specific balance described for groundnut oil, as the high-linoleic type has very low MUFAs, and the high-oleic type has low linoleic acid.

Question 92: Which one of the following trace elements if deficient in the diet can lead to low birth weight, preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion or even congenital malformation like anencephaly?

A. Copper
B. Selenium
C. Cobalt
D. Zinc (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Zinc*** - **Zinc deficiency** during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight, preterm delivery, spontaneous abortion, and congenital malformations like **anencephaly** due to its crucial role in cell growth, differentiation, and DNA synthesis. - Adequate zinc levels are essential for proper fetal development and maternal immune function. *Copper* - **Copper deficiency** can lead to issues such as anemia, neurological problems, and impaired bone development, but it is not primarily linked to the specific spectrum of adverse pregnancy outcomes described in the question, such as anencephaly. - While important, copper's role in fetal development differs from zinc's broad impact on cellular processes. *Selenium* - **Selenium deficiency** can be associated with increased risk of preeclampsia, miscarriage, and impaired fetal growth, but it is not as strongly linked to **neural tube defects** like anencephaly as zinc. - Primarily functions as an antioxidant and in thyroid hormone metabolism. *Cobalt* - **Cobalt** is a component of vitamin B12, and its deficiency is usually observed as a deficiency in vitamin B12, leading to **megaloblastic anemia** and neurological issues. - Direct independent cobalt deficiency is rare and not directly associated with the described pregnancy complications or **congenital malformations** in humans.

Community Medicine

5 questions

Q91

In a population of 5000, there are 19 % eligible couples. To achieve a couple protection rate (CPR) of 60 %, how many of these should be covered for family planning services?

Q92

Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (VAPP) is mostly observed due to which of the following vaccine strain serotype?

Q93

The specific goals for 2025 under the integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) are all of the following EXCEPT:

Q94

Association between hardness of drinking water and death rate from cardiovascular diseases is:

Q95

An adult weighs 73 kgs and has a height of 1.75 meters. For the purpose of classification of overweight and obesity as per WHO recommendation, this person will be classified as:

UPSC-CMS 2019 - Community Medicine UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 91: In a population of 5000, there are 19 % eligible couples. To achieve a couple protection rate (CPR) of 60 %, how many of these should be covered for family planning services?

A. 550
B. 530
C. 590
D. 570 (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***570*** - First, calculate the total number of **eligible couples**: 19% of 5000 = (19/100) * 5000 = **950 couples**. - To achieve a **Couple Protection Rate (CPR) of 60%**, calculate 60% of the eligible couples: 60% of 950 = (60/100) * 950 = **570 couples**. *550* - This option indicates a protection rate of approximately **57.9%** (550/950 * 100), which is less than the target of 60%. - It does not meet the specified target for **Couple Protection Rate**. *530* - This option would result in a protection rate of approximately **55.8%** (530/950 * 100), which is significantly lower than the desired 60%. - This value is an underestimation of the number of couples needed to achieve the target CPR. *590* - This option indicates a protection rate of approximately **62.1%** (590/950 * 100), which exceeds the target of 60%. - While protecting more couples is generally good, the question asks for how many *should* be covered to achieve *60%* specifically, making 570 the exact answer.

Question 92: Vaccine-associated Paralytic Poliomyelitis (VAPP) is mostly observed due to which of the following vaccine strain serotype?

A. Type–2 only (Correct Answer)
B. Type–1 only
C. Type–3
D. Both Type-1 and 2

Explanation: ***Type–2 only*** - Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is primarily linked to the **Sabin type 2 oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV)** strain. - This is because the type 2 strain in OPV is inherently more neurovirulent and genetically unstable compared to the other serotypes, making it more prone to reverting to a **paralytogenic form**. *Type–1 only* - While type 1 poliovirus can cause wild poliomyelitis and has been part of OPV, it is **less commonly associated with VAPP** compared to type 2. - The type 1 component of OPV is generally more genetically stable and less likely to revert to a neurovirulent form in vaccinated individuals. *Type–3* - Similar to type 1, the type 3 poliovirus strain in OPV is also **less frequently implicated in VAPP** than type 2. - Type 3 poliovirus has been eradicated globally in both its wild and vaccine-derived forms due to successful vaccination campaigns. *Both Type-1 and 2* - Although VAPP can theoretically occur with vaccine strains of both type 1 and type 2, the **overwhelming majority of cases are caused by the type 2 strain**. - The risk of VAPP from type 1 is significantly lower, making "type 2 only" the most accurate answer for the highest incidence.

Question 93: The specific goals for 2025 under the integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhea (GAPPD) are all of the following EXCEPT:

A. Reduce the incidence of severe pneumonia by 90 % in children less than 5 years of age compared to 2010 levels (Correct Answer)
B. Reduce incidence of severe diarrhea by 75 % in children less than 5 years of age compared to 2010 levels
C. Reduce mortality from pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age to fewer than 3 per 1000 live births
D. Reduce mortality from diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age to fewer than 1 per 1000 live births

Explanation: ***Reduce the incidence of severe pneumonia by 90 % in children less than 5 years of age compared to 2010 levels*** - The GAPPD 2025 target for reducing the **incidence of severe pneumonia** is **75%, not 90%**, compared to 2010 levels. - This option incorrectly states the target percentage for reducing severe pneumonia incidence. - Both pneumonia and diarrhea have the same **75% reduction target** for severe cases. *Reduce mortality from pneumonia in children less than 5 years of age to fewer than 3 per 1000 live births* - This is a correct specific goal of the **GAPPD for 2025**, aiming to significantly lower pneumonia-related child deaths. - The target of **fewer than 3 deaths per 1000 live births** reflects the ambitious mortality reduction objectives. *Reduce mortality from diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age to fewer than 1 per 1000 live births* - This is a correct specific goal of the **GAPPD for 2025**, focusing on reducing diarrhea-related child mortality. - The target of **fewer than 1 death per 1000 live births** is an accurate representation of the plan's objectives. *Reduce incidence of severe diarrhea by 75 % in children less than 5 years of age compared to 2010 levels* - This is a correct specific goal of the **GAPPD for 2025**, targeting a 75% reduction in severe diarrhea cases. - The **75% reduction target** compared to 2010 levels is an accurate objective of the plan, matching the target for severe pneumonia.

Question 94: Association between hardness of drinking water and death rate from cardiovascular diseases is:

A. Direct
B. No association
C. Inverse (Correct Answer)
D. Association is obtained in presence of confounders

Explanation: ***Inverse*** * Studies have often shown an **inverse relationship** between water hardness and cardiovascular disease mortality. * This means that areas with **harder drinking water**, which contains more minerals like calcium and magnesium, tend to have **lower rates of cardiovascular disease deaths**. *Direct* * A direct association would imply that **harder water leads to higher death rates**, which is generally not supported by epidemiological evidence. * If the relationship were direct, promoting soft water consumption might be a public health goal for cardiovascular health, which is not the case. *No association* * While the association isn't universally strong or consistently replicated in all studies, many large-scale epidemiological studies suggest a **protective effect** of hard water components. * Therefore, stating no association completely would ignore a significant body of research suggesting a benefit. *Association is obtained in presence of confounders* * While **confounders** (such as diet, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and other geographical factors) are always a consideration in epidemiological studies, many analyses have attempted to control for these variables. * The observed inverse association often persists even after adjusting for known confounders, suggesting it's not solely due to them.

Question 95: An adult weighs 73 kgs and has a height of 1.75 meters. For the purpose of classification of overweight and obesity as per WHO recommendation, this person will be classified as:

A. Normal (Correct Answer)
B. Underweight
C. Preobese
D. Overweight

Explanation: ***Normal*** - This individual's **Body Mass Index (BMI)** is calculated as weight (kg) / height (m)^2. For 73 kg and 1.75 m, BMI = 73 / (1.75 * 1.75) = 73 / 3.0625 = **23.83 kg/m²**. - According to WHO classifications, a BMI between **18.5 and 24.9 kg/m²** falls within the **normal weight** range. *Underweight* - An individual is classified as **underweight** if their BMI is **less than 18.5 kg/m²**. - This option is incorrect because the calculated BMI of 23.83 kg/m² is well above this threshold. *Preobese* - The term **preobese** is often used interchangeably with **overweight**, specifically for a BMI between **25.0 and 29.9 kg/m²**. - This option is incorrect as the calculated BMI of 23.83 kg/m² does not fall into this range. *Overweight* - An individual is classified as **overweight** if their BMI is between **25.0 and 29.9 kg/m²**. - This option is incorrect because the calculated BMI of 23.83 kg/m² is below the threshold for overweight.

Pediatrics

1 questions

Q91

Which one of the following is the recommended site for immunization with hepatitis B vaccine in young children for ensuring reliable absorption?

Pharmacology

1 questions

Q91

The drug of choice for chemoprophylaxis to health care personnel and close contacts of suspected or confirmed case of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) is:

Physiology

1 questions

Q91

Which one of the following statements regarding Magnesium is NOT true?