UPSC-CMS 2018 — Anatomy

Q: The following are the contents of broad ligament EXCEPT:

Internal iliac artery. ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **internal iliac artery** is a large pelvic artery supplying various pelvic organs and **does NOT traverse within the broad ligament itself**. [2] - While its branches (like the uterine artery) enter the broad ligament, the main trunk of the internal iliac artery is located more posteriorly and laterally on the **pelvic sidewall**, outside the broad ligament. [1] - This is the correct answer to this EXCEPT question. *Uterine and ovarian arteries with their branches* - These **ARE contents of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. [1] - The **uterine artery** travels within the base of the broad ligament (cardinal ligament region), providing blood supply to the uterus. [2] - The **ovarian artery** travels within the suspensory ligament of the ovary, which is a lateral fold of the broad ligament, to supply the ovary. [1] *Fallopian tube* - This **IS a content of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. [3] - The **fallopian tube** (uterine tube) is enclosed within the superior free margin of the broad ligament, specifically within the **mesosalpinx** (the portion of broad ligament between fallopian tube and ovary). [1] - It extends laterally from the uterus, providing a pathway for ova. *Ovarian ligament* - This **IS a content of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. - The **ovarian ligament** is a fibrous cord that connects the medial pole of the ovary to the lateral aspect of the uterus, running within the posterior layer of the broad ligament. [3] - It helps to anchor the ovary to the uterus. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: The blood supply of uterus is from: 1. Uterine artery 2. Ovarian artery 3. Pudendal artery 4. Superior vesical artery Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1 and 2. Option A: 1 and 2 - The uterine artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the primary blood supply to the uterus [1]. - The ovarian artery, a direct branch from the abdominal aorta, also contributes to uterine blood supply by anastomosing with the uterine artery [1]. Option B: 1 and 3 - While the uterine artery is a primary source, the pudendal artery supplies the external genitalia and perineum, not the uterus directly. - The pudendal artery's territory is distinct from the uterine circulation. Option C: 2 and 4 - The ovarian artery does supply the uterus [1], but the superior vesical artery primarily supplies the superior portion of the urinary bladder. - The superior vesical artery does not significantly contribute to uterine vascularization. Option D: 3 and 4 - Neither the pudendal artery nor the superior vesical artery are direct or significant suppliers of blood to the uterus. - Their primary supply territories are the perineum/external genitalia and the bladder, respectively. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which one of the following statements regarding anatomy of fetal head is NOT true?

Lambdoid suture separates the two parietal bones. The lambdoid suture separates the two parietal bones - This statement is **incorrect**. The **sagittal suture** separates the two parietal bones [1]. - The **lambdoid suture** separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone [1]. *Frontal suture separates the two frontal bones* - This statement is **true**. The frontal suture (also called the metopic suture) divides the two halves of the **frontal bone** in the fetal skull [1]. - While it usually fuses after birth, it is prominent in the fetal head. *Bregma is a diamond shaped space at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures* - This statement is **true**. The **bregma** is the anterior fontanelle, a significant landmark in the fetal skull, formed by the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. - Its diamond shape and location are crucial for assessing fetal head position and molding during labor [2]. *Coronal suture separates frontal bones from parietal bones* - This statement is **true**. The **coronal suture** runs bilaterally across the top of the skull, separating the **frontal bone** anteriorly from the two **parietal bones** posteriorly [1]. - This anatomical arrangement allows for molding of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal [1]. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Normal anatomical narrowings of the ureter are present in all EXCEPT:

Crossing the abdominal aorta. ***Crossing the abdominal aorta*** - The ureter passes anterior to the **abdominal aorta** but this location does not represent a physiological narrowing. - While it's an anatomical relationship, it does not impede urine flow in the same manner as the other listed narrowings. *Ureteropelvic junction* - This is a well-known site of **physiological narrowing** where the renal pelvis funnels into the ureter. - It is a common site for **calculi (kidney stones)** to lodge due to its constricted lumen. *Entering bladder wall* - The ureter traverses the **wall of the bladder** obliquely, creating another physiological narrowing. - This anatomical arrangement acts as a **ureterovesical valve**, preventing vesicoureteral reflux. *Ureteric orifice* - The ureteric orifice, where the ureter opens into the bladder, is the **narrowest point** in the ureter. - This final constriction can also be a site of **stone impaction**. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

5 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

Questions

All Subjects Anatomy (5)Biochemistry (1)Community Medicine (31)ENT (2)Forensic Medicine (1)Internal Medicine (7)Obstetrics and Gynecology (33)Orthopaedics (1)Pathology (1)Pediatrics (5)Pharmacology (4)Physiology (3)Radiology (2)Surgery (23)

The following are the contents of broad ligament EXCEPT:

The blood supply of uterus is from: 1. Uterine artery 2. Ovarian artery 3. Pudendal artery 4. Superior vesical artery Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Which one of the following statements regarding anatomy of fetal head is NOT true?

Which of the following regarding blood supply of rectum is NOT true?

Normal anatomical narrowings of the ureter are present in all EXCEPT:

UPSC-CMS 2018 - Anatomy UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: The following are the contents of broad ligament EXCEPT:

A. Internal iliac artery (Correct Answer)
B. Uterine and ovarian arteries with their branches
C. Fallopian tube
D. Ovarian ligament

Explanation: ***Internal iliac artery*** - The **internal iliac artery** is a large pelvic artery supplying various pelvic organs and **does NOT traverse within the broad ligament itself**. [2] - While its branches (like the uterine artery) enter the broad ligament, the main trunk of the internal iliac artery is located more posteriorly and laterally on the **pelvic sidewall**, outside the broad ligament. [1] - This is the correct answer to this EXCEPT question. *Uterine and ovarian arteries with their branches* - These **ARE contents of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. [1] - The **uterine artery** travels within the base of the broad ligament (cardinal ligament region), providing blood supply to the uterus. [2] - The **ovarian artery** travels within the suspensory ligament of the ovary, which is a lateral fold of the broad ligament, to supply the ovary. [1] *Fallopian tube* - This **IS a content of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. [3] - The **fallopian tube** (uterine tube) is enclosed within the superior free margin of the broad ligament, specifically within the **mesosalpinx** (the portion of broad ligament between fallopian tube and ovary). [1] - It extends laterally from the uterus, providing a pathway for ova. *Ovarian ligament* - This **IS a content of the broad ligament**, making this option incorrect. - The **ovarian ligament** is a fibrous cord that connects the medial pole of the ovary to the lateral aspect of the uterus, running within the posterior layer of the broad ligament. [3] - It helps to anchor the ovary to the uterus.

Question 2: The blood supply of uterus is from: 1. Uterine artery 2. Ovarian artery 3. Pudendal artery 4. Superior vesical artery Select the correct answer using the code given below:

A. 1 and 2 (Correct Answer)
B. 1 and 3
C. 2 and 4
D. 3 and 4

Explanation: Option A: 1 and 2 - The uterine artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery, is the primary blood supply to the uterus [1]. - The ovarian artery, a direct branch from the abdominal aorta, also contributes to uterine blood supply by anastomosing with the uterine artery [1]. Option B: 1 and 3 - While the uterine artery is a primary source, the pudendal artery supplies the external genitalia and perineum, not the uterus directly. - The pudendal artery's territory is distinct from the uterine circulation. Option C: 2 and 4 - The ovarian artery does supply the uterus [1], but the superior vesical artery primarily supplies the superior portion of the urinary bladder. - The superior vesical artery does not significantly contribute to uterine vascularization. Option D: 3 and 4 - Neither the pudendal artery nor the superior vesical artery are direct or significant suppliers of blood to the uterus. - Their primary supply territories are the perineum/external genitalia and the bladder, respectively.

Question 3: Which one of the following statements regarding anatomy of fetal head is NOT true?

A. Frontal suture separates the two frontal bones
B. Bregma is a diamond shaped space at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures
C. Coronal suture separates frontal bones from parietal bones
D. Lambdoid suture separates the two parietal bones (Correct Answer)

Explanation: The lambdoid suture separates the two parietal bones - This statement is **incorrect**. The **sagittal suture** separates the two parietal bones [1]. - The **lambdoid suture** separates the parietal bones from the occipital bone [1]. *Frontal suture separates the two frontal bones* - This statement is **true**. The frontal suture (also called the metopic suture) divides the two halves of the **frontal bone** in the fetal skull [1]. - While it usually fuses after birth, it is prominent in the fetal head. *Bregma is a diamond shaped space at junction of coronal and sagittal sutures* - This statement is **true**. The **bregma** is the anterior fontanelle, a significant landmark in the fetal skull, formed by the junction of the coronal and sagittal sutures. - Its diamond shape and location are crucial for assessing fetal head position and molding during labor [2]. *Coronal suture separates frontal bones from parietal bones* - This statement is **true**. The **coronal suture** runs bilaterally across the top of the skull, separating the **frontal bone** anteriorly from the two **parietal bones** posteriorly [1]. - This anatomical arrangement allows for molding of the fetal head during passage through the birth canal [1].

Question 4: Which of the following regarding blood supply of rectum is NOT true?

A. Superior rectal artery is a direct continuation of Inferior mesenteric artery
B. Inferior rectal artery arises from internal pudendal artery
C. Middle rectal artery arises from external iliac artery and passes through the lateral ligaments into rectum (Correct Answer)
D. Inferior rectal artery traverses the Alcock’s canal into rectum

Explanation: ***Middle rectal artery arises from external iliac artery and passes through the lateral ligaments into rectum*** - This statement is **FALSE** (making it the correct answer for this "NOT true" question) - The middle rectal artery actually arises from the **internal iliac artery**, not the external iliac artery [1] - It does correctly pass through the lateral ligaments of the rectum to supply the middle and lower parts of the rectum *Superior rectal artery is a direct continuation of Inferior mesenteric artery* - This statement is TRUE - The superior rectal artery is indeed the direct continuation of the inferior mesenteric artery [1] - It supplies the superior part of the rectum *Inferior rectal artery arises from internal pudendal artery* - This statement is TRUE - The inferior rectal artery is a branch of the internal pudendal artery [1] - It supplies the anal canal and perianal skin *Inferior rectal artery traverses the Alcock's canal into rectum* - This statement is TRUE - The inferior rectal artery traverses Alcock's canal (pudendal canal) along with the internal pudendal vessels and pudendal nerve [1] - Upon exiting Alcock's canal, it branches to supply the anal region

Question 5: Normal anatomical narrowings of the ureter are present in all EXCEPT:

A. Ureteropelvic junction
B. Entering bladder wall
C. Ureteric orifice
D. Crossing the abdominal aorta (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Crossing the abdominal aorta*** - The ureter passes anterior to the **abdominal aorta** but this location does not represent a physiological narrowing. - While it's an anatomical relationship, it does not impede urine flow in the same manner as the other listed narrowings. *Ureteropelvic junction* - This is a well-known site of **physiological narrowing** where the renal pelvis funnels into the ureter. - It is a common site for **calculi (kidney stones)** to lodge due to its constricted lumen. *Entering bladder wall* - The ureter traverses the **wall of the bladder** obliquely, creating another physiological narrowing. - This anatomical arrangement acts as a **ureterovesical valve**, preventing vesicoureteral reflux. *Ureteric orifice* - The ureteric orifice, where the ureter opens into the bladder, is the **narrowest point** in the ureter. - This final constriction can also be a site of **stone impaction**.