UPSC-CMS 2016 — Pharmacology
4 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
Consider the following statements: 1. The duration of immunity is longer when live vaccine is administered as compared to the administration of killed vaccine. 2. In the case of killed vaccine, single dose is sufficient whereas multiple doses are always required in the case of live vaccines. Which of these statements is/are correct?
Which one of the following is not a contraindication for prescribing combined oral contraceptive pills?
UPSC-CMS 2016 - Pharmacology UPSC-CMS Practice Questions and MCQs
Question 1: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
- A. A→3 B→4 C→2 D→1
- B. A→4 B→3 C→2 D→1
- C. A→4 B→3 C→1 D→2
- D. A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2 (Correct Answer)
Explanation: ***A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2*** - This option correctly matches each anticancer drug to its characteristic adverse effect: **Cisplatinum (A)** with **tubular necrosis (3)**, **Adriamycin (B)** with **cardiomyopathy (4)**, **Bleomycin (C)** with **pulmonary fibrosis (1)**, and **Cyclophosphamide (D)** with **haemorrhagic cystitis (2)**. - These drug-toxicity associations are clinically important for monitoring and managing patients on chemotherapy. *A→3 B→4 C→2 D→1* - This option incorrectly matches Bleomycin with haemorrhagic cystitis (should be pulmonary fibrosis) and Cyclophosphamide with pulmonary fibrosis (should be haemorrhagic cystitis). - While Cisplatinum and Adriamycin are correctly paired, the last two associations are reversed. *A→4 B→3 C→2 D→1* - This option incorrectly matches Cisplatinum with cardiomyopathy (should be tubular necrosis) and Adriamycin with tubular necrosis (should be cardiomyopathy). - Additionally, Bleomycin and Cyclophosphamide complications are also incorrectly paired. *A→4 B→3 C→1 D→2* - This option incorrectly swaps the complications for Cisplatinum and Adriamycin: Cisplatinum is matched with cardiomyopathy (should be tubular necrosis) and Adriamycin with tubular necrosis (should be cardiomyopathy). - While Bleomycin and Cyclophosphamide are correctly paired with their respective complications, the first two associations are incorrect.
Question 2: Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the Lists:
- A. A→4 B→3 C→1 D→2
- B. A→3 B→4 C→2 D→1
- C. A→4 B→3 C→2 D→1 (Correct Answer)
- D. A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2
Explanation: ***A→4 B→3 C→2 D→1*** - This option correctly matches **Stomach poison** with **Sodium fluoride** (4), **Organochlorine compound** with **Dieldrin** (3), **Organophosphorus compound** with **Temephos** (2), and **Carbamates** with **Propoxur** (1). - **Sodium fluoride** acts as a stomach poison requiring ingestion, **Dieldrin** is a persistent organochlorine insecticide, **Temephos** is an organophosphorus compound used for larval control, and **Propoxur** is a carbamate insecticide for household pest control. *A→4 B→3 C→1 D→2* - This option incorrectly matches **Organophosphorus compound** with **Propoxur** (1), which is actually a **carbamate**, not an organophosphorus compound. - It also incorrectly matches **Carbamates** with **Temephos** (2), which is actually an **organophosphorus** compound, not a carbamate. *A→3 B→4 C→2 D→1* - This option incorrectly matches **Stomach poison** with **Dieldrin** (3), which is an **organochlorine compound**, not a stomach poison. - It also incorrectly matches **Organochlorine compound** with **Sodium fluoride** (4), which functions as a **stomach poison**, not an organochlorine compound. *A→3 B→4 C→1 D→2* - This option creates multiple incorrect matches: **Stomach poison** with **Dieldrin** (3) instead of **Sodium fluoride**, and **Organochlorine compound** with **Sodium fluoride** (4) instead of **Dieldrin**. - It also incorrectly swaps the organophosphorus and carbamate matches, placing **Propoxur** with organophosphorus and **Temephos** with carbamates.
Question 3: Consider the following statements: 1. The duration of immunity is longer when live vaccine is administered as compared to the administration of killed vaccine. 2. In the case of killed vaccine, single dose is sufficient whereas multiple doses are always required in the case of live vaccines. Which of these statements is/are correct?
- A. 1 only (Correct Answer)
- B. 2 only
- C. Both 1 and 2
- D. Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation: ***1 only*** - **Live attenuated vaccines** stimulate a more robust, long-lasting immune response, often mimicking natural infection, leading to **longer duration of immunity** compared to killed vaccines. - This is because live vaccines can replicate in the host, providing a continuous antigenic stimulus that enhances the breadth and memory of the immune response. *2 only* - This statement is incorrect because **killed vaccines** typically require **multiple doses** (prime and booster shots) to achieve and maintain adequate protective immunity. - In contrast, **live vaccines** often achieve sufficient immunity with a **single dose** due to their ability to replicate and elicit a strong cellular and humoral response. *Both 1 and 2* - This option is incorrect as statement 2 is false. Live vaccines generally provide longer immunity, and killed vaccines usually require multiple doses, while live vaccines often need only one. *Neither 1 nor 2* - This option is incorrect because statement 1 is accurate regarding the longer duration of immunity provided by live vaccines.
Question 4: Which one of the following is not a contraindication for prescribing combined oral contraceptive pills?
- A. Viral hepatitis
- B. Pelvic inflammatory disease (Correct Answer)
- C. Well-controlled hypertension
- D. Thromboembolic disease
Explanation: ***Pelvic inflammatory disease*** - **Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)** is NOT a contraindication for combined oral contraceptive pills (COCs). - According to **WHO Medical Eligibility Criteria**, PID is classified as **Category 1** (no restriction) for COC use. - COCs do not worsen PID and may actually provide some **protective effect** against ascending genital tract infections. - PID concerns are primarily relevant for **IUD insertion**, not oral contraceptive use. *Viral hepatitis* - **Active viral hepatitis** is a contraindication (WHO Category 3-4) for COCs. - COCs are metabolized in the **liver**, and use during active hepatitis can exacerbate liver damage. - **Severe or acute liver disease** impairs hormone metabolism, increasing risks of adverse effects. *Well-controlled hypertension* - **Hypertension** is generally a contraindication for COCs depending on severity and vascular complications. - **Well-controlled hypertension without vascular disease** is WHO Category 3 (risks usually outweigh benefits). - **Uncontrolled hypertension** (≥160/100 mmHg) or hypertension with vascular disease is **Category 4** (absolute contraindication). - Estrogen in COCs can further elevate blood pressure and increase cardiovascular risks. *Thromboembolic disease* - History of **thromboembolic disease** (DVT, PE, stroke) is an **absolute contraindication** (WHO Category 4) for COCs. - Estrogen in COCs increases synthesis of **clotting factors** (I, VII, X) and decreases anticoagulant proteins, significantly raising **venous thromboembolism risk**.