NEET-PG 2015 — Anatomy

Q: Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius?

Pisiform. ***Pisiform*** - The **pisiform** is a sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the **flexor carpi ulnaris** muscle. - It articulates only with the **triquetrum**, not directly with the radius. *Scaphoid* - The **scaphoid** is one of the carpal bones that directly articulates with the radius, forming part of the **radiocarpal joint**. - It is located in the **proximal row** of carpal bones on the lateral side. *Lunate* - The **lunate** is another bone in the proximal carpal row that articulates directly with the **radius**, alongside the scaphoid. - It plays a crucial role in wrist movement and stability. *Triquetrum* - The **triquetrum** is a carpal bone in the proximal row, located medially. - Although it is in the proximal row, it primarily articulates with the **ulnar articular disc** (triangular fibrocartilage complex), which separates it from the distal ulna, and does not directly articulate with the radius. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Posterior cardinal veins develop into:

Common iliac vein. ***Common iliac vein*** - The **posterior cardinal veins** are paired primitive veins in the embryo that drain the caudal body. - The **caudal portions** of the posterior cardinal veins persist and directly form the **common iliac veins** and contribute to the internal iliac veins [1]. - This is the **primary and most direct derivative** of the posterior cardinal veins, making it the best answer. *Azygos vein* - The **azygos vein** develops from the **right supracardinal vein** + **cranial portion of the right posterior cardinal vein**. - While posterior cardinal veins do contribute to its formation, this is not the primary derivative. - The middle portions of posterior cardinal veins regress, and the supracardinal contribution is more significant. *Hemiazygos vein* - The **hemiazygos vein** is derived from the **left supracardinal vein** + **cranial portion of the left posterior cardinal vein**. - Similar to the azygos, posterior cardinal veins contribute but are not the primary source. - The supracardinal vein provides the major contribution. *Parts of inferior vena cava* - The **IVC** forms from multiple embryonic veins: right vitelline vein (hepatic segment), right subcardinal vein (renal segment), right supracardinal vein (infrarenal segment), and hepatic veins. - While the common iliac veins (derived from posterior cardinal veins) drain into the IVC, the posterior cardinal veins themselves do **not directly form the IVC proper**. - The posterior cardinal veins largely regress in their middle portions. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following statements about the adductors of the thigh is correct?

Adductor brevis is the shortest adductor muscle. ***Adductor brevis is the shortest adductor muscle*** - The **adductor brevis** is the shortest muscle among the adductor group in the thigh. - The three main adductors by size: **adductor magnus** (longest and largest) > **adductor longus** (intermediate) > **adductor brevis** (shortest). - Adductor brevis lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus, and plays a key role in **thigh adduction**. *The ischial head of adductor magnus is not an adductor muscle.* - The **ischial/hamstring part of adductor magnus** does contribute to adduction despite its primary action being hip extension like other hamstrings. - It also acts on the **hip joint** to extend the thigh, but its adductor action is functionally important. *The main blood supply to the adductors is from the profunda femoris artery.* - While the **profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)** supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the thigh, the adductors primarily receive blood from the **obturator artery** and branches of the femoral artery. - The **obturator artery** is specifically known for supplying the adductor muscles of the medial compartment. *The adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the thigh.* - The **adductor magnus** is the largest muscle in the adductor group, but not the largest muscle in the entire thigh. - The **quadriceps femoris group** (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris) collectively forms the largest muscle mass in the thigh. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following structures is located within the cavernous sinus?

Internal carotid artery. ***Internal carotid artery*** - The **internal carotid artery** passes **through the lumen** of the cavernous sinus, which is a dural venous sinus located on either side of the sella turcica. - Along with the **abducens nerve (CN VI)**, the internal carotid artery is one of only two structures that passes directly through the cavernous sinus cavity itself. - This is the **most accurate answer** as it traverses the actual sinus space, not just the wall. *Maxillary division of V nerve* - The **maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)** runs within the **lateral wall** of the cavernous sinus, not through its lumen. - While technically "within" the sinus structure, it is embedded in the dural wall rather than passing through the blood-filled cavity. - This nerve exits the skull through the **foramen rotundum**. - Other nerves in the lateral wall include **CN III, CN IV, and V1**. *Mandibular division of V nerve* - The **mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)** does not pass through or near the cavernous sinus. - It exits the middle cranial fossa directly via the **foramen ovale**, positioned inferior and separate from the cavernous sinus. - V3 is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that does not have any relationship with the cavernous sinus. *Facial nerve* - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** has no anatomical relationship with the cavernous sinus. - It enters the temporal bone through the **internal acoustic meatus**, travels through the facial canal, and exits via the **stylomastoid foramen**. - Its course is entirely separate from the cavernous sinus region. [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament:

All of the options. ***Correct: All of the options*** All three structures pass deep to (behind) the inguinal ligament as they transition from the pelvis/abdomen into the thigh [1]. The inguinal ligament forms the superior border of the femoral triangle [1]. ***Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve (Correct)*** - Pierces the **psoas major** muscle and descends along its anterior surface - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** (lateral compartment) deep to the inguinal ligament - Lies **lateral to the femoral artery** - Provides sensory innervation to the skin over the femoral triangle ***Femoral vein (Correct)*** - Continuation of the popliteal vein from the lower limb - Passes through the **lacuna vasorum** (medial compartment/femoral canal) within the **femoral sheath** - Located **medial to the femoral artery** behind the inguinal ligament [1] - Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart via the external iliac vein ***Psoas major (Correct)*** - Major hip flexor muscle originating from lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5) - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** deep to the inguinal ligament - Located **lateral to the femoral vessels** - Combines with iliacus to form iliopsoas, inserting on the lesser trochanter of femur [Practice more Anatomy PYQs on OnCourse]

168 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

168

Questions

Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius?

Posterior cardinal veins develop into:

Which of the following statements about the adductors of the thigh is correct?

Which of the following structures is located within the cavernous sinus?

Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament:

Which of the following is a tributary of the coronary sinus?

A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

Teres minor is supplied by

Q10

Which muscle of the arm has additional supinator action?

NEET-PG 2015 - Anatomy NEET-PG Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: Which carpal bone does not articulate with the radius?

A. Pisiform (Correct Answer)
B. Scaphoid
C. Lunate
D. Triquetrum

Explanation: ***Pisiform*** - The **pisiform** is a sesamoid bone located within the tendon of the **flexor carpi ulnaris** muscle. - It articulates only with the **triquetrum**, not directly with the radius. *Scaphoid* - The **scaphoid** is one of the carpal bones that directly articulates with the radius, forming part of the **radiocarpal joint**. - It is located in the **proximal row** of carpal bones on the lateral side. *Lunate* - The **lunate** is another bone in the proximal carpal row that articulates directly with the **radius**, alongside the scaphoid. - It plays a crucial role in wrist movement and stability. *Triquetrum* - The **triquetrum** is a carpal bone in the proximal row, located medially. - Although it is in the proximal row, it primarily articulates with the **ulnar articular disc** (triangular fibrocartilage complex), which separates it from the distal ulna, and does not directly articulate with the radius.

Question 2: Posterior cardinal veins develop into:

A. Parts of inferior vena cava
B. Common iliac vein (Correct Answer)
C. Hemiazygos vein
D. Azygos vein

Explanation: ***Common iliac vein*** - The **posterior cardinal veins** are paired primitive veins in the embryo that drain the caudal body. - The **caudal portions** of the posterior cardinal veins persist and directly form the **common iliac veins** and contribute to the internal iliac veins [1]. - This is the **primary and most direct derivative** of the posterior cardinal veins, making it the best answer. *Azygos vein* - The **azygos vein** develops from the **right supracardinal vein** + **cranial portion of the right posterior cardinal vein**. - While posterior cardinal veins do contribute to its formation, this is not the primary derivative. - The middle portions of posterior cardinal veins regress, and the supracardinal contribution is more significant. *Hemiazygos vein* - The **hemiazygos vein** is derived from the **left supracardinal vein** + **cranial portion of the left posterior cardinal vein**. - Similar to the azygos, posterior cardinal veins contribute but are not the primary source. - The supracardinal vein provides the major contribution. *Parts of inferior vena cava* - The **IVC** forms from multiple embryonic veins: right vitelline vein (hepatic segment), right subcardinal vein (renal segment), right supracardinal vein (infrarenal segment), and hepatic veins. - While the common iliac veins (derived from posterior cardinal veins) drain into the IVC, the posterior cardinal veins themselves do **not directly form the IVC proper**. - The posterior cardinal veins largely regress in their middle portions.

Question 3: Which of the following statements about the adductors of the thigh is correct?

A. The main blood supply to the adductors is from the profunda femoris artery.
B. Adductor brevis is the shortest adductor muscle (Correct Answer)
C. The ischial head of adductor magnus is not an adductor muscle.
D. The adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the thigh.

Explanation: ***Adductor brevis is the shortest adductor muscle*** - The **adductor brevis** is the shortest muscle among the adductor group in the thigh. - The three main adductors by size: **adductor magnus** (longest and largest) > **adductor longus** (intermediate) > **adductor brevis** (shortest). - Adductor brevis lies deep to pectineus and adductor longus, and plays a key role in **thigh adduction**. *The ischial head of adductor magnus is not an adductor muscle.* - The **ischial/hamstring part of adductor magnus** does contribute to adduction despite its primary action being hip extension like other hamstrings. - It also acts on the **hip joint** to extend the thigh, but its adductor action is functionally important. *The main blood supply to the adductors is from the profunda femoris artery.* - While the **profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery)** supplies the posterior and lateral compartments of the thigh, the adductors primarily receive blood from the **obturator artery** and branches of the femoral artery. - The **obturator artery** is specifically known for supplying the adductor muscles of the medial compartment. *The adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the thigh.* - The **adductor magnus** is the largest muscle in the adductor group, but not the largest muscle in the entire thigh. - The **quadriceps femoris group** (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris) collectively forms the largest muscle mass in the thigh.

Question 4: Which of the following structures is located within the cavernous sinus?

A. Maxillary division of V nerve
B. Mandibular division of V nerve
C. Internal carotid artery (Correct Answer)
D. Facial nerve

Explanation: ***Internal carotid artery*** - The **internal carotid artery** passes **through the lumen** of the cavernous sinus, which is a dural venous sinus located on either side of the sella turcica. - Along with the **abducens nerve (CN VI)**, the internal carotid artery is one of only two structures that passes directly through the cavernous sinus cavity itself. - This is the **most accurate answer** as it traverses the actual sinus space, not just the wall. *Maxillary division of V nerve* - The **maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (V2)** runs within the **lateral wall** of the cavernous sinus, not through its lumen. - While technically "within" the sinus structure, it is embedded in the dural wall rather than passing through the blood-filled cavity. - This nerve exits the skull through the **foramen rotundum**. - Other nerves in the lateral wall include **CN III, CN IV, and V1**. *Mandibular division of V nerve* - The **mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (V3)** does not pass through or near the cavernous sinus. - It exits the middle cranial fossa directly via the **foramen ovale**, positioned inferior and separate from the cavernous sinus. - V3 is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that does not have any relationship with the cavernous sinus. *Facial nerve* - The **facial nerve (CN VII)** has no anatomical relationship with the cavernous sinus. - It enters the temporal bone through the **internal acoustic meatus**, travels through the facial canal, and exits via the **stylomastoid foramen**. - Its course is entirely separate from the cavernous sinus region.

Question 5: Which structure(s) passes behind the inguinal ligament:

A. Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve
B. Femoral vein
C. Psoas major
D. All of the options (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Correct: All of the options*** All three structures pass deep to (behind) the inguinal ligament as they transition from the pelvis/abdomen into the thigh [1]. The inguinal ligament forms the superior border of the femoral triangle [1]. ***Femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve (Correct)*** - Pierces the **psoas major** muscle and descends along its anterior surface - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** (lateral compartment) deep to the inguinal ligament - Lies **lateral to the femoral artery** - Provides sensory innervation to the skin over the femoral triangle ***Femoral vein (Correct)*** - Continuation of the popliteal vein from the lower limb - Passes through the **lacuna vasorum** (medial compartment/femoral canal) within the **femoral sheath** - Located **medial to the femoral artery** behind the inguinal ligament [1] - Carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart via the external iliac vein ***Psoas major (Correct)*** - Major hip flexor muscle originating from lumbar vertebrae (T12-L5) - Passes through the **lacuna musculorum** deep to the inguinal ligament - Located **lateral to the femoral vessels** - Combines with iliacus to form iliopsoas, inserting on the lesser trochanter of femur

Question 6: Which of the following is a tributary of the coronary sinus?

A. Anterior cardiac vein
B. Smallest cardiac vein
C. Thebesian vein
D. Great cardiac vein (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Great cardiac vein*** - The **great cardiac vein** is a major tributary that drains into the **coronary sinus**, carrying deoxygenated blood from the anterior and left ventricular walls [1]. - It travels alongside the **anterior interventricular artery** (LAD) and then wraps around the left side of the heart to join the coronary sinus [1]. *Anterior cardiac vein* - The **anterior cardiac veins** typically collect blood directly into the **right atrium**, bypassing the coronary sinus [1]. - They primarily drain the anterior wall of the right ventricle. *Thebesian vein* - **Thebesian veins** (or venae cordis minimae) are small veins that drain blood from the **myocardium directly into the heart chambers**, predominantly the atria [1]. - They represent a direct communication between the myocardial capillaries and the heart chambers, not tributaries of the coronary sinus. *Smallest cardiac vein* - The term "smallest cardiac vein" is often used synonymously with **Thebesian veins** [1]. - These veins empty directly into the **heart chambers**, serving as an ancillary drainage system, rather than converging into the coronary sinus.

Question 7: A patient has a herniated intervertebral disc impinging on the right C5 nerve roots. Which of the following movements would most likely be affected?

A. Extension of the fingers
B. Extension of the shoulder
C. Flexion of the elbow (Correct Answer)
D. Flexion of the wrist

Explanation: ***Flexion of the elbow*** - The **C5 nerve root** is a primary contributor to the innervation of the **biceps brachii** and **brachialis** muscles, which are the prime movers for elbow flexion. - The C5 myotome specifically includes elbow flexion as one of its key motor functions. - Impingement of the C5 nerve root would therefore most directly impact the strength and function of **elbow flexion**, leading to weakness in this movement. *Extension of the fingers* - Finger extension is primarily mediated by the **C7 and C8 nerve roots** via the posterior interosseous nerve (branch of the radial nerve). - C5 does not significantly contribute to finger extension. *Extension of the shoulder* - Shoulder extension involves muscles primarily innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., latissimus dorsi via thoracodorsal nerve, teres major). - While C5 contributes to some shoulder movements (particularly **shoulder abduction** via the deltoid), it is not primarily responsible for shoulder extension. *Flexion of the wrist* - Wrist flexion is primarily served by muscles innervated by the **C6, C7, and C8 nerve roots** (e.g., flexor carpi radialis - C6/C7, flexor carpi ulnaris - C7/C8). - The C5 nerve root has minimal to no role in wrist flexion.

Question 8: Which of the following muscles is not attached to the medial border of the scapula?

A. Serratus anterior
B. Levator scapulae
C. Teres major (Correct Answer)
D. Rhomboid major

Explanation: ***Teres major*** - The **teres major** muscle originates from the **inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border** of the scapula, NOT the medial border. - It inserts into the medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus. - This is the correct answer as it does not attach to the medial border of the scapula. *Serratus anterior* - The **serratus anterior** muscle originates from the outer surfaces of the upper 8-9 ribs and inserts along the **entire medial border** of the scapula on its anterior (costal) surface. - It plays a crucial role in protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, keeping it applied to the thoracic wall. *Levator scapulae* - The **levator scapulae** muscle originates from the transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae and inserts into the **superior angle and upper part of the medial border** of the scapula. - Its primary actions are to elevate the scapula and assist in downward rotation. *Rhomboid major* - The **rhomboid major** muscle originates from the spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae and attaches to the **medial border** of the scapula between the spine and inferior angle. - It acts to retract, elevate, and rotate the scapula downward.

Question 9: Teres minor is supplied by

A. Suprascapular nerve
B. Lower subscapular nerve
C. Thoracodorsal nerve
D. Axillary nerve (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Axillary nerve*** - The **axillary nerve** (C5-C6) innervates both the **teres minor** and the **deltoid muscle**. - It arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and traverses the quadrangular space. *Suprascapular nerve* - The **suprascapular nerve** (C5-C6) primarily supplies the **supraspinatus** and **infraspinatus** muscles. - It plays a crucial role in shoulder abduction and external rotation, but not directly in teres minor function. *Lower subscapular nerve* - The **lower subscapular nerve** (C5-C6) innervates the **subscapularis muscle** and **teres major**. - Teres major and teres minor are anatomically adjacent but have different innervations and functions. *Thoracodorsal nerve* - The **thoracodorsal nerve** (C6-C8) innervates the **latissimus dorsi muscle** [1]. - This nerve is distinct from those supplying the rotator cuff muscles, including teres minor.

Question 10: Which muscle of the arm has additional supinator action?

A. Brachialis
B. Biceps (Correct Answer)
C. Coracobrachialis
D. Triceps

Explanation: ***Biceps*** - The **biceps brachii** powerfully supinates the forearm, especially when the elbow is flexed, due to its distal attachment on the **radial tuberosity**. - Its two heads originate from the scapula, contributing to both **flexion** at the elbow and supination. *Brachialis* - The **brachialis muscle** is the primary and most powerful flexor of the elbow joint. - It inserts onto the **ulna** and does not have any rotational or supinator action. *Coracobrachialis* - The **coracobrachialis** muscle primarily functions in adduction and flexion of the arm at the shoulder joint. - It has no attachments that allow for supination of the forearm. *Triceps* - The **triceps brachii** is the sole extensor of the elbow joint, located on the posterior aspect of the arm. - It is an antagonist to the biceps and has no supinator action.