INI-CET 2024 Previous Year Questions Practice Questions

Q: The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

T4-T5 vertebra. ***T4-T5 vertebra*** - The **thoracic duct** crosses from the right to the left side of the vertebral column at the level of the **T4-T5 vertebrae**, specifically just above the root of the left lung. - This crossover is an important anatomical landmark as it signifies the duct's ascent towards the neck to drain into the left subclavian vein. *T12 vertebra* - The **thoracic duct** originates from the **cisterna chyli** at the level of the L1 or L2 vertebra and ascends into the thorax at or below the T12 vertebra, it does not cross over at this level. - This level primarily marks its entry into the thoracic cavity, not its main crossover point. *T6 vertebra* - While the **thoracic duct** is present in the thorax at this level, it does not undergo its characteristic crossover from right to left at the T6 vertebra. - The duct continues its ascent along the right side of the vertebral column before moving across. *T2 vertebra* - By the level of the T2 vertebra, the **thoracic duct** has already crossed to the left side of the vertebral column and is ascending towards its termination in the neck. - The crossover event occurs more inferiorly, at the T4-T5 level. [Practice more INI-CET 2024 questions on OnCourse]

Q: What is the medical procedure that involves the insertion of a tube directly into the trachea to secure the airway and ensure adequate ventilation?

Endotracheal tube insertion. ### **Explanation** The correct answer is **Endotracheal tube (ETT) insertion**, also known as **intubation**. #### **1. Why Endotracheal Tube Insertion is Correct** The primary goal of airway management is to maintain a patent airway and provide mechanical ventilation. **Endotracheal intubation** involves passing a tube through the vocal cords directly into the **trachea**. This is considered the "gold standard" for securing the airway because: * It provides a **definitive airway**. * It protects the lungs from **aspiration** (via the inflatable cuff). * It allows for precise delivery of oxygen and anesthetic gases. #### **2. Analysis of Incorrect Options** * **Oral and Oropharyngeal Suction (A & B):** These are supportive procedures used to clear secretions, blood, or vomit from the mouth and pharynx. They do not involve entering the trachea or providing a conduit for ventilation. * **Nasogastric Tube Insertion (D):** This involves passing a tube through the nose into the **stomach**. It is used for gastric decompression or enteral feeding, not for respiratory management. #### **3. High-Yield Clinical Pearls for NEET-PG / INI-CET** * **Definition of a Definitive Airway:** A tube present in the **trachea** with the **cuff inflated** and connected to an oxygen-enriched ventilation source. * **Confirmation:** The most reliable clinical method to confirm ETT placement is **End-tidal CO₂ (Capnography)**. On physical exam, bilateral breath sounds and absence of gastric gurgling are essential. * **Goldman’s Rule:** The distance from the incisors to the mid-trachea is approximately **21 cm in females** and **23 cm in males**. * **Murphy’s Eye:** The small hole at the distal end of the ETT that prevents complete obstruction if the main tip is blocked by the tracheal wall. [Practice more INI-CET 2024 questions on OnCourse]

Q: A 7-year-old child develops malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis with a high fever, preceded by a history of no childhood vaccinations due to parental religious beliefs. Examination reveals blue-white spots on a red base beside the second molars, and a subsequent erythematous, nonpruritic, maculopapular rash develops at the hairline and behind the ears, spreading over the body. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

measles (rubeola). **_measles (rubeola)_** - The clinical presentation of **malaise, cough, coryza, conjunctivitis (the 3 Cs), high fever**, and characteristic **Koplik spots** (blue-white spots on a red base beside the second molars) are pathognomonic for measles. - The subsequent development of an **erythematous, nonpruritic, maculopapular rash** beginning at the hairline and behind the ears, spreading downwards, further confirms the diagnosis, especially in an unvaccinated child. *hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackievirus)* - This disease typically presents with **fever, sore throat**, and characteristic **vesicular lesions** on the hands, feet, and oral mucosa, which are distinct from the described rash and Koplik spots. - The rash of hand-foot-and-mouth disease is usually vesicular and not a spreading maculopapular rash starting at the hairline. *rubella (German measles)* - Rubella is typically a milder illness with a **less prominent prodrome** and a **finer, pinker rash** that spreads more quickly than measles, often resolving within 3 days. - While it can cause lymphadenopathy, it does not typically present with the severity of prodromal symptoms (like the 3 Cs) or Koplik spots seen in measles. *mumps* - Mumps primarily causes **parotitis (swelling of the salivary glands)**, fever, and malaise. - It does not involve a distinct rash or Koplik spots as described in the patient's presentation. [Practice more INI-CET 2024 questions on OnCourse]

Q: All of the following can occur in rheumatic fever except?

Tricuspid regurgitation as the primary valve lesion. ***Tricuspid regurgitation as the primary valve lesion*** - While **rheumatic fever** can affect any heart valve, the **tricuspid valve** is rarely affected as the **primary or sole lesion**. - It is most commonly seen in conjunction with more severe **mitral and aortic valve disease**. *Mitral regurgitation* - **Mitral regurgitation** is a common manifestation of **acute rheumatic fever**, occurring due to **inflammation** of the valve leaflets and **chordae tendineae** [1]. - This leads to incompetence of the valve, causing blood to flow back into the left atrium during systole [1]. *Mitral stenosis* - **Mitral stenosis** is a classic **long-term complication** of **rheumatic fever**, typically developing years to decades after the initial acute episode. - Repeated inflammation and scarring lead to **thickening and fusion of the mitral valve leaflets**, restricting blood flow. *Pericarditis* - **Pericarditis**, inflammation of the **pericardium** (the sac surrounding the heart), is a possible manifestation of **rheumatic carditis** in acute rheumatic fever [1]. - It can cause chest pain and may be accompanied by a **pericardial effusion** [1]. [Practice more INI-CET 2024 questions on OnCourse]

Q: What is the mode of inheritance for the most common form of hypophosphatemic rickets?

X-Linked Dominant (XD). ***X-Linked Dominant (XD)*** - The most common form of hypophosphatemic rickets is **X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH)**, which is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern. - This condition is caused by mutations in the **PHEX gene** on the X chromosome, leading to impaired phosphate reabsorption in the kidneys. *Autosomal Recessive (AR)* - While some rare forms of hypophosphatemic rickets exist with **autosomal recessive** inheritance, they are not the most common. - These forms typically involve mutations in genes affecting phosphate transport or vitamin D metabolism, distinct from the primary defect in XLH. *Autosomal Dominant (AD)* - There are also rare **autosomal dominant** forms of hypophosphatemic rickets, such as hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH) or autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). - However, these are less common than the X-linked dominant form (XLH). *X-Linked Recessive (XR)* - **X-linked recessive** inheritance typically affects males more severely and exclusively, with carrier females usually unaffected or mildly affected. - In X-linked dominant conditions like XLH, both males and females are affected, though females may exhibit variable expressivity. [Practice more INI-CET 2024 questions on OnCourse]

Question 1

The thoracic duct crosses from the right to the left at the level of

Accepted Answer

T4-T5 vertebra

Answer

T12 vertebra

Answer

T2 vertebra

Answer

T6 vertebra

Question 2

What is the medical procedure that involves the insertion of a tube directly into the trachea to secure the airway and ensure adequate ventilation?

Accepted Answer

Endotracheal tube insertion

Answer

Oral suction

Answer

Oropharyngeal suction

Answer

Nasogastric tube insertion

Question 3

A 7-year-old child develops malaise, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis with a high fever, preceded by a history of no childhood vaccinations due to parental religious beliefs. Examination reveals blue-white spots on a red base beside the second molars, and a subsequent erythematous, nonpruritic, maculopapular rash develops at the hairline and behind the ears, spreading over the body. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

measles (rubeola)

Answer

hand-foot-and-mouth disease (coxsackievirus)

Answer

rubella (German measles)

Answer

mumps

Question 4

All of the following can occur in rheumatic fever except?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid regurgitation as the primary valve lesion

Answer

Mitral regurgitation

Answer

Mitral stenosis

Answer

Pericarditis

Question 5

What is the mode of inheritance for the most common form of hypophosphatemic rickets?

Accepted Answer

X-Linked Dominant (XD)

Answer

Autosomal Recessive (AR)

Answer

Autosomal Dominant (AD)

Answer

X-Linked Recessive (XR)

Question 6

When should breastfeeding be initiated after a normal delivery?

Accepted Answer

Immediately after delivery

Answer

2 hours after delivery

Answer

4 hours after delivery

Answer

6 hours after delivery

Question 7

What term describes a condition where the axial length of the eye does not match its refractive power?

Accepted Answer

Axial Ametropia

Answer

Anisokonia

Answer

Emmetropia

Answer

Curvature ametropia

Question 8

Which of the following is a common benign condition characterized by white/yellow keratin-filled cysts on a newborn's skin?

Accepted Answer

Milia

Answer

Mongolian spots

Answer

Epstein pearls

Answer

Congenital melanoma

Question 9

Sarcomere is the area between which two Z lines?

Accepted Answer

Two adjacent Z lines

Answer

A band and I band

Answer

Two H zones

Answer

Two consecutive I bands

Question 10

Which of the following is a CORE diagnostic criterion of autistic spectrum disorder according to DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Impaired communication

Answer

Impaired imagination

Answer

Language developmental delay

Answer

Vision problems

INI-CET 2024

Anatomy

Anesthesiology

Dental

Internal Medicine

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Ophthalmology

Pediatrics

Physiology

Psychiatry

About INI-CET 2024 Questions