INI-CET 2019 — Physiology

Q: Golgi tendon organ function is?

Detects the muscle tension. ***Detects the muscle tension*** - The **Golgi tendon organ (GTO)** is a proprioceptor located at the musculotendinous junction, specifically designed to monitor and respond to changes in **muscle tension** or force. - When muscle tension increases, such as during a strong contraction, the GTO sends inhibitory signals to the motor neurons of the same muscle, leading to muscle relaxation and preventing injury (autogenic inhibition). *Detects the dynamic change in muscle length* - This function is primarily attributed to **muscle spindles**, which are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in the **length** and rate of change of length of a muscle. - Muscle spindles are responsible for the **stretch reflex**, initiating a contraction when a muscle is stretched too quickly. *Detects the muscle stretch* - While GTOs are involved in reflex responses that can follow muscle stretch, their primary role is not to detect the stretching itself, but rather the **tension** that results from that stretch. - **Muscle spindles** are the primary mechanoreceptors responsible for detecting the stretch of a muscle. *Detects the muscle strength* - "Muscle strength" is a broader term referring to the force a muscle can exert, which is controlled by a combination of neural input and muscle fiber characteristics. - While GTOs contribute to the overall proprioceptive feedback regulating muscle force, they specifically detect **tension** rather than directly measuring "strength" as a global concept. [Practice more Physiology PYQs on OnCourse]

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All Subjects Microbiology (1)Pharmacology (2)Physiology (2)

Golgi tendon organ function is?

Q2Easy

Arrange the steps of spermatogenesis in the sequence of their formation.

INI-CET 2019 - Physiology INI-CET Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: Golgi tendon organ function is?

A. Detects the dynamic change in muscle length
B. Detects the muscle stretch
C. Detects the muscle strength
D. Detects the muscle tension (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Detects the muscle tension*** - The **Golgi tendon organ (GTO)** is a proprioceptor located at the musculotendinous junction, specifically designed to monitor and respond to changes in **muscle tension** or force. - When muscle tension increases, such as during a strong contraction, the GTO sends inhibitory signals to the motor neurons of the same muscle, leading to muscle relaxation and preventing injury (autogenic inhibition). *Detects the dynamic change in muscle length* - This function is primarily attributed to **muscle spindles**, which are specialized sensory receptors that detect changes in the **length** and rate of change of length of a muscle. - Muscle spindles are responsible for the **stretch reflex**, initiating a contraction when a muscle is stretched too quickly. *Detects the muscle stretch* - While GTOs are involved in reflex responses that can follow muscle stretch, their primary role is not to detect the stretching itself, but rather the **tension** that results from that stretch. - **Muscle spindles** are the primary mechanoreceptors responsible for detecting the stretch of a muscle. *Detects the muscle strength* - "Muscle strength" is a broader term referring to the force a muscle can exert, which is controlled by a combination of neural input and muscle fiber characteristics. - While GTOs contribute to the overall proprioceptive feedback regulating muscle force, they specifically detect **tension** rather than directly measuring "strength" as a global concept.

Question 2: Arrange the steps of spermatogenesis in the sequence of their formation.

A. Spermatogonium > Spermatocyte > Spermatid > Spermatozoa (Correct Answer)
B. Spermatocyte > Spermatogonium > Spermatid > Spermatozoa
C. Spermatogonium > Spermatocyte > Spermatozoa > Spermatid
D. Spermatozoa > Spermatogonium > Spermatocyte > Spermatid

Explanation: ### Explanation **Underlying Medical Concept** Spermatogenesis is the process by which male germ cells develop into mature spermatozoa within the seminiferous tubules. It follows a strictly regulated chronological sequence: 1. **Spermatogonia (2n):** These are the primitive stem cells located on the basement membrane. They undergo mitosis to maintain their population and provide cells for differentiation. 2. **Spermatocytes (2n → n):** Primary spermatocytes undergo **Meiosis I** to form secondary spermatocytes. Secondary spermatocytes then undergo **Meiosis II** to form spermatids. 3. **Spermatids (n):** These are round, haploid cells that result from the completion of meiosis. 4. **Spermatozoa (n):** Through the process of **spermiogenesis** (morphological transformation without further division), spermatids develop tails and lose excess cytoplasm to become mature, motile sperm. **Analysis of Options** * **Option A is correct** as it accurately reflects the progression from stem cell to differentiated gamete. * **Option B is incorrect** because spermatogonia are the precursors to spermatocytes, not the other way around. * **Option C is incorrect** because spermatids must undergo spermiogenesis to become spermatozoa; the spermatozoa are the final product. * **Option D is incorrect** because it reverses the order, placing the mature gamete at the beginning. **High-Yield Facts for NEET-PG** * **Duration:** The entire process of spermatogenesis takes approximately **74 days**. * **Spermiogenesis vs. Spermiation:** *Spermiogenesis* is the transformation of spermatids to spermatozoa. *Spermiation* is the release of mature spermatozoa from Sertoli cells into the tubule lumen. * **Hormonal Control:** LH stimulates **Leydig cells** to produce Testosterone; FSH stimulates **Sertoli cells** to support spermatogenesis. * **Blood-Testis Barrier:** Formed by tight junctions between Sertoli cells, protecting developing germ cells (spermatocytes onwards) from the immune system.