FMGE 2025 — Orthopaedics

Question 11: The image displays a clinical maneuver. Which ligament's integrity is being assessed by this test?

• A. Anterior cruciate ligament (Correct Answer)
• B. Medial collateral ligament
• C. Posterior cruciate ligament
• D. Lateral collateral ligament

Explanation: ***Anterior cruciate ligament*** - The image demonstrates the **Anterior Drawer Test**, a clinical maneuver used to assess the integrity of the **Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)**. - During this test, the examiner pulls the tibia anteriorly; excessive forward movement of the tibia relative to the femur indicates a positive test, suggesting an **ACL tear**. *Posterior cruciate ligament* - The **Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)** is assessed with the **Posterior Drawer Test**, which involves pushing the tibia posteriorly, the opposite motion of what is shown. - The PCL prevents the posterior translation of the tibia, and its rupture is often associated with a **dashboard injury** or a direct blow to the anterior tibia. *Medial collateral ligament* - The **Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)** is tested using the **Valgus Stress Test**, where a force is applied to the lateral side of the knee to test for medial joint space opening. - This maneuver is performed with the knee in slight flexion (20-30 degrees) and full extension, a different position and action than depicted. *Lateral collateral ligament* - The **Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)** is evaluated with the **Varus Stress Test**, where a force is applied to the medial side of the knee to check for lateral joint space opening. - This test, like the valgus stress test, is performed at different degrees of flexion and is distinct from the drawer test shown in the image.