FMGE 2017 — Obstetrics and Gynecology

Q: Most common uterine tumor is:-

Leiomyoma. ***Leiomyoma*** - **Leiomyomas**, also known as **fibroids**, are the most **common benign tumors of the uterus**. - They are composed of **smooth muscle cells** and can vary in size and location within the uterus. *Adenomyoma* - An **adenomyoma** is a benign uterine tumor characterized by the presence of **endometrial glands and stroma** within the myometrium. - While it is a uterine tumor, it is significantly **less common** than leiomyomas. *Endometrial cancer* - **Endometrial cancer** is a **malignant tumor** arising from the endometrium and is the most common gynecologic malignancy. - However, malignant tumors are generally **less common** than benign tumors like leiomyomas. *Leiomyosarcoma* - **Leiomyosarcoma** is a **rare and aggressive malignant tumor** of the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. - It accounts for a very small percentage of uterine masses and is much less common than benign leiomyomas. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific test during antenatal check-up for a pregnant lady with family history of Thalassemia?

High performance liquid chromatography. ***High performance liquid chromatography*** - **HPLC** is considered the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies due to its ability to accurately quantify different hemoglobin fractions. - It provides a detailed **hemoglobin profile**, allowing for precise identification of abnormal hemoglobins and accurate assessment of thalassemia carrier status. *P. smear and reticulocyte count* - A **peripheral smear** can show microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, which are characteristic of thalassemia, but this finding is not specific. - A **reticulocyte count** can indicate increased red blood cell production, but it is a general indicator of hemolysis or bone marrow activity and not specific for thalassemia. *Hemoglobin electrophoresis* - **Hemoglobin electrophoresis** separates different hemoglobin types based on their electrical charge, which is useful for identifying hemoglobinopathies. - While it can detect abnormal hemoglobins, its resolution and quantitative accuracy are generally lower than that of HPLC, making it less sensitive for detecting subtle variations or quantifying small amounts of abnormal hemoglobin. *NESTROFT* - **NESTROFT** (Naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test) is a screening test used to detect beta-thalassemia carriers by assessing red cell osmotic fragility. - It is a good, inexpensive screening tool but lacks the sensitivity and specificity of definitive diagnostic tests like HPLC, and positive results require confirmation with other methods. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

Q: A 25 year old lady presented with curdy white discharge from the vagina is likely to be suffering from:-

Candida vaginitis. ***Candida vaginitis*** - **Candida vaginitis** is characterized by a **curdy white vaginal discharge**, often described as cottage cheese-like. - This condition is caused by an overgrowth of *Candida* species, typically *Candida albicans*, and is associated with **vaginal itching, burning**, and **dyspareunia**. *Trichomoniasis* - **Trichomoniasis** typically presents with a **frothy, greenish-yellow discharge** and a **foul odor**. - It often causes **severe itching, redness, and irritation**, which differ from the curdy discharge described. *Gonococcal vulvovaginitis* - **Gonococcal vulvovaginitis** in women can cause a **purulent or mucopurulent discharge**, often yellowish. - While it can lead to vaginal irritation, a **curdy white discharge** is not its classic presentation. *Chlamydia trachomatis* - **Chlamydia trachomatis** often causes an **asymptomatic infection**; when symptoms occur, they may include a **mucopurulent discharge**. - A **curdy white discharge** is not a typical symptom of *Chlamydia* infection. [Practice more Obstetrics and Gynecology PYQs on OnCourse]

3 Previous Year Questions with Answers & Explanations

Questions

All Subjects Anatomy (10)Biochemistry (4)Community Medicine (2)Dental (1)Dermatology (1)Internal Medicine (14)Microbiology (2)Obstetrics and Gynecology (3)Ophthalmology (2)Orthopaedics (2)Pathology (5)Pediatrics (2)Pharmacology (16)Physiology (5)Psychiatry (6)Radiology (1)Surgery (2)

Most common uterine tumor is:-

Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific test during antenatal check-up for a pregnant lady with family history of Thalassemia?

A 25 year old lady presented with curdy white discharge from the vagina is likely to be suffering from:-

FMGE 2017 - Obstetrics and Gynecology FMGE Practice Questions and MCQs

Question 1: Most common uterine tumor is:-

A. Adenomyoma
B. Endometrial cancer
C. Leiomyosarcoma
D. Leiomyoma (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Leiomyoma*** - **Leiomyomas**, also known as **fibroids**, are the most **common benign tumors of the uterus**. - They are composed of **smooth muscle cells** and can vary in size and location within the uterus. *Adenomyoma* - An **adenomyoma** is a benign uterine tumor characterized by the presence of **endometrial glands and stroma** within the myometrium. - While it is a uterine tumor, it is significantly **less common** than leiomyomas. *Endometrial cancer* - **Endometrial cancer** is a **malignant tumor** arising from the endometrium and is the most common gynecologic malignancy. - However, malignant tumors are generally **less common** than benign tumors like leiomyomas. *Leiomyosarcoma* - **Leiomyosarcoma** is a **rare and aggressive malignant tumor** of the smooth muscle tissue of the uterus. - It accounts for a very small percentage of uterine masses and is much less common than benign leiomyomas.

Question 2: Which of the following is the most sensitive and specific test during antenatal check-up for a pregnant lady with family history of Thalassemia?

A. P. smear and reticulocyte count
B. Hemoglobin electrophoresis
C. High performance liquid chromatography (Correct Answer)
D. NESTROFT

Explanation: ***High performance liquid chromatography*** - **HPLC** is considered the most sensitive and specific test for diagnosing thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies due to its ability to accurately quantify different hemoglobin fractions. - It provides a detailed **hemoglobin profile**, allowing for precise identification of abnormal hemoglobins and accurate assessment of thalassemia carrier status. *P. smear and reticulocyte count* - A **peripheral smear** can show microcytic, hypochromic red blood cells, which are characteristic of thalassemia, but this finding is not specific. - A **reticulocyte count** can indicate increased red blood cell production, but it is a general indicator of hemolysis or bone marrow activity and not specific for thalassemia. *Hemoglobin electrophoresis* - **Hemoglobin electrophoresis** separates different hemoglobin types based on their electrical charge, which is useful for identifying hemoglobinopathies. - While it can detect abnormal hemoglobins, its resolution and quantitative accuracy are generally lower than that of HPLC, making it less sensitive for detecting subtle variations or quantifying small amounts of abnormal hemoglobin. *NESTROFT* - **NESTROFT** (Naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test) is a screening test used to detect beta-thalassemia carriers by assessing red cell osmotic fragility. - It is a good, inexpensive screening tool but lacks the sensitivity and specificity of definitive diagnostic tests like HPLC, and positive results require confirmation with other methods.

Question 3: A 25 year old lady presented with curdy white discharge from the vagina is likely to be suffering from:-

A. Trichomoniasis
B. Gonococcal vulvovaginitis
C. Chlamydia trachomatis
D. Candida vaginitis (Correct Answer)

Explanation: ***Candida vaginitis*** - **Candida vaginitis** is characterized by a **curdy white vaginal discharge**, often described as cottage cheese-like. - This condition is caused by an overgrowth of *Candida* species, typically *Candida albicans*, and is associated with **vaginal itching, burning**, and **dyspareunia**. *Trichomoniasis* - **Trichomoniasis** typically presents with a **frothy, greenish-yellow discharge** and a **foul odor**. - It often causes **severe itching, redness, and irritation**, which differ from the curdy discharge described. *Gonococcal vulvovaginitis* - **Gonococcal vulvovaginitis** in women can cause a **purulent or mucopurulent discharge**, often yellowish. - While it can lead to vaginal irritation, a **curdy white discharge** is not its classic presentation. *Chlamydia trachomatis* - **Chlamydia trachomatis** often causes an **asymptomatic infection**; when symptoms occur, they may include a **mucopurulent discharge**. - A **curdy white discharge** is not a typical symptom of *Chlamydia* infection.