Reproductive and Child Health Programs

RCH Overview - Program Blueprint

• Launched 1997 (Phase I); integrated CSSM, Family Planning, MTP, RTI/STI.
• Aim: ↓ IMR, MMR, TFR.
• RCH Phase II (2005): Under NRHM; focused on EmOC, newborn care, child health, FP.
• RCH+A Strategy (2013): Added Adolescent Health.
• Key Pillars: Maternal Health, Child Health, Family Planning, Adolescent Health, RTI/STI management.

⭐ RCH Phase II was launched in 2005 as part of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).

Maternal Health Schemes - Motherhood Matters

• Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY): Reduces MMR/IMR via institutional deliveries. Conditional cash transfer. ASHA facilitates.
  • Cash: Rural (LPS ₹1400, HPS ₹700), Urban (LPS ₹1000, HPS ₹600).
• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK): Entitlements: Free delivery (incl. C-section), drugs, diagnostics, diet, blood, home-to-facility transport.
• Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA):

  ⭐ Free, comprehensive ANC by specialist/MO on 9th of every month.

• Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY): ₹5000 (3 installments) for 1st live birth; partial wage compensation.
• LaQshya: Labour Room Quality Improvement. Focus on respectful maternity care, reduces maternal/newborn mortality.
• SUMAN (Surakshit Matritva Aashwasan): Zero preventable maternal/newborn deaths. Assured, dignified, respectful care; zero OOP expenditure.

Child Health Schemes - Tiny Tot Triumphs

• Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK):
  • Free entitlements: Delivery, drugs, diet, transport for pregnant women & sick infants (up to 1 year).
  • Goal: ↓ Out-of-pocket expenditure.
• Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK):
  • Screens children 0-18 years for 4 D's: Defects at birth, Deficiencies, Diseases, Developmental delays (incl. disabilities).
  • Age groups: 0-6 yrs (AWCs), 6-18 yrs (schools).

  ⭐ RBSK covers ~30 common health conditions for early detection and free treatment.

• Home Based Newborn Care (HBNC):
  • By ASHA: 6/7 visits (Day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42).
  • Focus: Essential newborn care, danger sign ID.
• Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI):
  • Strategy: Improves health worker skills, systems, family/community practices.
  • Color-coded triage (Pink, Yellow, Green).

FP & ARSH - Future Foundations

• Family Planning (FP): Goal for healthy spacing & informed choices. Emergency Contraception (ECP) within 72 hrs.

Key Contraceptive Methods:

- RKSK: Nutrition (WIFS - weekly iron & folic acid), counselling, mental health, AFHCs.
- Saathiya initiative: Peer educators for adolescents.

⭐ Unmet need for family planning: Percentage of fertile women not using contraception despite not wanting pregnancy.


High‑Yield Points - ⚡ Biggest Takeaways

• RCH Program: Launched 1997 (Phase I), 2005 (Phase II), integrating previous MCH & FP services.
• JSSK (Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram): Entitles free services for pregnant women and sick neonates, including transport.
• RBSK (Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram): Screens children (0-18 years) for 4Ds - Defects, Deficiencies, Diseases, Developmental delays.
• Mission Indradhanush: Aims to achieve >90% full immunization coverage against vaccine-preventable diseases.
• NSSK (Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram): Focuses on basic newborn care and resuscitation training for health personnel.
• Key strategies include IMNCI (Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses) and ARSH (Adolescent Reproductive and Sexual Health) components.
• LaQshya (Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative) aims to improve quality of care in labour rooms and maternity OTs.