UIP Overview - Program Pillars
- Launch: 1985, by MoHFW.
- Goal: ↓ Morbidity & mortality from Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (VPDs).
- Objective: Achieve >90% full immunization coverage.
- Diseases Covered:
- Original 6: Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Tuberculosis, Measles.
- Expanded: Hepatitis B, Hib, Rotavirus, PCV, JE, Rubella.
⭐ UIP is one of the largest public health programs globally, targeting millions of infants and pregnant women annually.
NIS: Infants & Children - Tiny Tots Triumphs
India's UIP schedule for infants & young children, vital for preventing VPDs.
| Vaccine | Age(s) | Dose | Route | Site |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCG | Birth (<1yr) | 0.05ml <1m, 0.1ml >1m | ID | LUA |
| Hep B (Birth) | Birth (<24h) | 0.5ml | IM | ALMT |
| OPV (Zero) | Birth | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| OPV 1,2,3 | 6,10,14w | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| Pentavalent 1,2,3 | 6,10,14w | 0.5ml | IM | ALMT |
| Rotavirus (RVV) | 6,10,14w | 5 drops/2.5ml | Oral | Oral |
| IPV (fractional) | 6,14w | 0.1ml | ID | RUA |
| Measles/MR 1st | 9-12m | 0.5ml | SC | RUA |
| JE 1st (endemic) | 9-12m | 0.5ml | SC | LUA |
| DPT Booster 1 | 16-24m | 0.5ml | IM | ALMT/UA |
| Measles/MR 2nd | 16-24m | 0.5ml | SC | RUA |
| OPV Booster | 16-24m | 2 drops | Oral | Oral |
| DPT Booster 2 | 5-6y | 0.5ml | IM | UA |
| TT | 10y | 0.5ml | IM | UA |
| TT | 16y | 0.5ml | IM | UA |
Abbreviations: LUA - Left Upper Arm, RUA - Right Upper Arm, ALMT - Anterolateral Mid-Thigh, UA - Upper Arm, ID - Intradermal, IM - Intramuscular, SC - Subcutaneous, w - weeks, m - months, y - years.
NIS: Pregnant Women - Maternal Shield
- Goal: Prevent maternal/neonatal tetanus.
- Vaccine: Td (0.5ml IM).
- Td-1: Early pregnancy.
- Td-2: 4 weeks after Td-1.
- Td-Booster: If 2 doses in pregnancy within last 3 years.
⭐ If a pregnant woman received two Td doses in a pregnancy within the last 3 years, only one dose of Td (booster) is needed in the current pregnancy.
Vaccine Logistics & Safety - Cool & Careful
- Cold Chain: Maintains potency. Temps: Polio -20°C; Most +2°C to +8°C. Equip: ILR, DF, Cold Box.
- VVM: Monitors heat. Discard if inner square darker/matches outer.
- Open Vial Policy:
- BCG, Measles (reconst.): Discard 4 hrs / end session.
- OPV, Penta, IPV, DPT, TT, HepB: Use up to 28 days (valid conditions).
- 📌 Heat: Polio (most). Freeze: Hep B (most), DPT, TT.
- AEFI: Report to DIO.
⭐ OPV: most heat-sensitive. Hep B: most freeze-sensitive.
UIP Initiatives & Updates - Mission Mode
- Mission Indradhanush (MI) & Intensified MI (IMI):
- Objective: Reach unvaccinated/partially vaccinated children (<2 years) and pregnant women.
- Focus: High-priority districts, urban slums, hard-to-reach areas.
- Pulse Polio Program:
- Current status: India certified polio-free; robust surveillance continues.
- Key Recent Vaccine Introductions:
- PCV, Rotavirus vaccine, Rubella (in MR), fractional IPV (fIPV).
⭐ Mission Indradhanush aims to rapidly increase full immunization coverage, focusing on low-coverage areas and hard-to-reach populations.
High‑Yield Points - ⚡ Biggest Takeaways
- UIP launched in 1985 (expanded from EPI 1978), targets infants & pregnant women.
- Provides free vaccines against 12 diseases nationally.
- BCG at birth: intradermal, left upper arm, for severe childhood TB.
- Pentavalent vaccine (DPT, Hep B, Hib) given at 6, 10, 14 weeks.
- Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine: 2 doses at 9-12 months & 16-24 months.
- Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV): birth dose, then 6, 10, 14 weeks & booster.
- Mission Indradhanush aims for full immunization in low-coverage areas.
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