Trauma/Emergencies US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Trauma/Emergencies with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Trauma/Emergencies Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 341: What is the primary treatment for anal canal cancer?\n\n_____
Answer: Nigro protocol (chemoradiation with 5-FU and mitomycin)
Extra: The Nigro protocol (5-FU, Mitomycin, and Radiation) is the definitive treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. This approach is preferred over primary surgery because it allows for sphincter preservation. Surgery is indicated for salvage or for tumors of the anal margin.
Flashcard 342: Muscle-invasive bladder cancer is definitively managed with _____
Answer: radical cystectomy
Extra: TURBT is used for initial diagnosis and staging of bladder cancer. If the tumor is found to be muscle-invasive (Stage T2 or greater), the standard of care is radical cystectomy (often preceded by neoadjuvant chemotherapy). Non-muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer is managed with TURBT and intravesical therapy (e.g., BCG).
Flashcard 343: Does diagnosis of epidural hematomas require LOC followed by a lucid interval?
_____
Answer: No!
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-subspecialty/neuro-brain-bleeds/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 344: Blunt thoracic trauma can cause a sudden increase in _____
Answer: intraesophageal pressure
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 345: What is done after cast immobilization for a non-displaced scaphoid fracture?
_____
Answer: Monitor with serial x-ray to rule out osteonecrosis of the proximal segment and non-union of the fracture
Extra: Scaphoid fractures have a high risk of nonunion and avascular necrosis (AVN) due to the retrograde blood supply (from the distal pole to the proximal pole). Non-displaced fractures are managed with a thumb spica cast and serial X-rays.
Flashcard 346: What is the most common cause of esophageal perforation?
_____
Answer: Instrumental perforation (namely endoscopy)
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 347: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is indicated for patients with a periprocedural risk of stroke ≤ 3% who have a life expectancy ≥ _____
Answer: 5 years
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 348: Most common site of osteonecrosis = _____
Answer: femur head
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
Flashcard 349: _____peritoneal bladder injury is associated with pelvic fracture and manifests as localized pain, urinary retention, and gross hematuria
Answer: Extra
Extra:
https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki
urinary retention may occur as well; ability to insert a Foley catheter helps distinguish EPBI from urethral injury
Flashcard 350: A **Tillaux fracture** (Salter-Harris type III) is characterized by fracture of the _____
Answer: distal tibial epiphysis and lateral physis
Extra: This fracture occurs in adolescents because the medial aspect of the distal tibial physis closes before the lateral aspect, leaving the lateral side vulnerable to avulsion by the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament.
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