Trauma/Emergencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 221: Adolescent hit in the side of the head with a baseball, LOC for 90 seconds, regains consciousness, but loses it again? Imaging would show? _____

Answer: Epidural hematoma → biconvex lens-shaped hematoma

Extra: Epidural hematomas (EDH) are most commonly caused by rupture of the middle meningeal artery (a branch of the maxillary artery) following trauma to the pterion. Classic presentation: 1. Initial loss of consciousness (LOC) 2. Lucid interval (patient regains consciousness and appears normal) 3. Rapid deterioration and secondary LOC as the hematoma expands. CT findings: Biconvex (lens-shaped) hyperdense collection that does not cross suture lines.

Flashcard 222: Rubber band ligation is only used for _____ hemorrhoids

Answer: internal

Flashcard 223: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) should be considered for symptomatic patients (e.g. TIA, stroke) with carotid stenosis between _____ - _____% to reduce future stroke risk

Answer: 70

Extra: A carotid endarterectomy is a surgical procedure to open or clean the carotid artery with the goal of future stroke prevention. Patients with disabling neurologic deficits, 100% occlusion of the carotid artery, or life expectancy < 5 years are unlikely to benefit from the procedure.

Flashcard 224: Trauma, pelvic fracture and insertion of a Foley catheter shows gross hematuria. Diagnosis? _____ Imaging? _____

Answer: Bladder injury

Flashcard 225: What is a neurological consequence of testicular torsion? _____

Answer: Absent cremaster reflex

Flashcard 226: Epicondylitis treatment begins with _____

Answer: conservative

Flashcard 227: Treatment of gas gangrene is _____

Answer: Emergency debridement (+ PCN and clindamycin)

Flashcard 228: _____, laser surgery, or electrocoagulation are all treatment options for condylomata acuminata

Answer: Curettage

Flashcard 229: Blood at urethral meatus and high riding prostate → _____

Answer: retrograde urethrogram

Flashcard 230: Evaluation of kidney injury in blunt genitourinary trauma should include urinalysis and _____ in hemodynamically stable patients with evidence of microscopic hematuria and other signs of abdominal trauma (e.g. tenderness)

Answer: contrast-enhanced CT of abdomen/pelvis

Extra: - e.g. trauma + tenderness at the flank - CT to identify renal trauma +/- retrograde cystourethrogram if patients have gross hematuria, difficulty urinating, blood at the meatus, or suprapubic pain which implies urethral injury