Trauma/Emergencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 201: Using the Ottawa Ankle rules, an ankle X-ray is only required if there is pain in the malleolar zone, plus one of the following: • Tenderness at the _____ • Tenderness at the _____ • Inability to bear weight (both immediately and in the ED)

Answer: posterior lateral malleolus

Flashcard 202: _____ embolism after lung trauma, ventilator use, removal of central line, or heart vessel surgery

Answer: Air

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 203: A(n) _____ hernia can mislead clinicians into thinking hernia is not incarcerated

Answer: Richters

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 204: What is the treatment for **clavicular fractures** in **older children**? _____

Answer: Sling or figure-of-eight bandage

Extra: Most clavicular fractures in children (even those with displacement) are treated conservatively with a **sling** or **figure-of-eight bandage** due to the high remodeling potential of pediatric bone. In contrast, fractures in neonates (e.g., birth trauma) require only reassurance or pinning the sleeve to the shirt. Surgery is rarely indicated in children (e.g., open fractures, neurovascular injury).

Flashcard 205: What is the underlying cause of hemorrhagic shock in a patient with decreased breath sounds, tracheal deviation, and dullness to percussion? _____

Answer: Hemothorax

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/chest/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 206: Grade _____ splenic injury is defined as laceration penetrating 1-3 cm into the parenchyma or hematoma 10-50% of the surface area

Answer: II

Extra: <b>AAST Splenic Injury Scale:</b> - <b>Grade I:</b> Laceration < 1 cm depth; Hematoma < 10% surface area - <b>Grade II:</b> Laceration 1-3 cm depth; Hematoma 10-50% surface area - <b>Grade III:</b> Laceration > 3 cm depth; Hematoma > 50% surface area or expanding - <b>Grade IV:</b> Laceration involving segmental or hilar vessels with devascularization (> 25% of spleen) - <b>Grade V:</b> Shattered spleen or hilar vascular injury devascularizing the spleen

Flashcard 207: What imaging modality should be used to evaluate a suspected urethral injury (e.g. patient with a penile fracture)? _____

Answer: Retrograde urethrogram

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 208: Fractures of the _____ of the clavicle may require open reduction and internal fixation to prevent nonunion

Answer: distal third

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki 

Flashcard 209: _____ can present with point tenderness in the anterior shin

Answer: Stress fracture

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 210: Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) should be considered for asymptomatic patients with ≥ _____% stenosis

Answer: 80

Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery?ref=anki