Neonatal surgical emergencies — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The iliohypogastric nerve is commonly injured due to post abdominal surgery _____

Answer: sutures

Flashcard 2: Short bowel syndrome is most commonly seen in patients who have had _____

Answer: small intestine resection

Flashcard 3: Malrotation can lead to _____ and duodenal obstruction

Answer: volvulus

Flashcard 4: What type of hernia is associated with abdominal trauma? _____

Answer: Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia

Flashcard 5: _____ is caused by twisting of a portion of bowel around its mesentery

Answer: Volvulus

Flashcard 6: Umbilical hernias are soft, benign, and _____

Answer: reducible (reducible or non reducible?)

Flashcard 7: Which type of hernia is most likely to present with incarceration or strangulation?_____

Answer: Femoral hernia

Flashcard 8: What is the most common embryological origin of a congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistula?

Answer: Persistence of the 2nd branchial cleft and pouch.

Extra: Congenital pharyngo-cutaneous fistulas (branchial fistulas) most commonly arise from the second branchial arch. The fistula typically tracks from the tonsillar fossa (pouch origin), between the internal and external carotid arteries, and opens onto the skin at the lower third of the neck anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle. 3rd/4th arch remnants are much rarer and typically involve the pyriform sinus.

Flashcard 9: Definition and key feature of Gastroschisis:

Answer: Extrusion of abdominal contents through abdominal folds, not covered by peritoneum.

Extra: Gastroschisis occurs due to a failure of involution of the right umbilical vein or a vascular accident involving the omphalomesenteric artery. It is typically found to the right of the umbilical cord insertion. Unlike omphalocele, it is NOT covered by a sac (peritoneum).

Flashcard 10: What are the 5 types of tracheoesophageal anomalies (Gross classification)?

Answer: 1. Pure Esophageal Atresia (EA) 2. EA with distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF) (Most common) 3. Pure TEF (H-type / no atresia) 4. EA with proximal TEF 5. EA with double TEF (both proximal and distal)

Extra: These correspond to the Gross classification of EA/TEF: - Type A: Pure EA - Type B: EA with proximal TEF - Type C: EA with distal TEF (~85% of cases) - Type D: EA with both proximal and distal TEF - Type E: H-type (Pure TEF without atresia)