Respiratory — Flashcards

Flashcard 211: In nearly all patients, an interscalene nerve block also causes transient ipsilateral _____ paralysis

Answer: diaphragmatic

Flashcard 212: The volume that remains in the lungs after maximal forced expiration is the _____

Answer: residual volume

Flashcard 213: What neurotransmitter mediates relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter in response to swallowing? _____

Answer: VIP

Flashcard 214: Asthma may present with a(n) _____ inspiratory/expiratory ratio

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 215: Which type of sensory receptor (slowly or quickly adapting) sends a signal at the beginning and end of a stimulus?_____

Answer: Quickly adapting

Flashcard 216: The nucleus tractus solitarius projects neurons to other medullary nuclei to coordinate the _____ response

Answer: vomiting

Flashcard 217: The sum of the tidal volume plus the inspiratory reserve volume is known as _____

Answer: inspiratory capacity

Flashcard 218: Which interferons enhance activity of natural killer cells? _____

Answer: Interferon-α and Interferon-β

Extra: Type I Interferons (IFN-α and IFN-β) enhance the activity of Natural Killer (NK) cells. They also induce an antiviral state in neighboring cells and increase MHC I expression on all cells to facilitate recognition of infected cells by CD8+ T cells.

Flashcard 219: Patients develop heat stroke due to heat production exceeding _____

Answer: heat dissipation

Flashcard 220: In the muscle stretch reflex, some Ia afferent fibers inhibit _____ muscles (agonist or antagonist) through interneurons causing muscle relaxation

Answer: antagonist