Maternal physiological adaptations to pregnancy — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: How does the **respiratory rate** change during pregnancy?

Answer: Does not change

Flashcard 2: Human placental lactogen increases maternal _____

Answer: lipolysis and insulin resistance

Extra: Human placental lactogen (hPL), also known as human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS), is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast. Its primary role is to ensure nutrient availability for the fetus by: 1. Increasing maternal lipolysis (to provide fatty acids as energy for the mother). 2. Inducing maternal insulin resistance (to decrease maternal glucose uptake, sparing glucose for the fetus).

Flashcard 3: Pregnancy is characterized by steadily _____ levels of estrogen and progesterone

Answer: increasing

Flashcard 4: The levels of free thyroid hormone are _____ in pregnancy and oral contraceptive use

Answer: normal

Flashcard 5: How does GFR change during pregnancy? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 6: How does hematocrit change with hyposmotic volume contraction (e.g. adrenal insufficiency)? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 7: Which neuronal populations have the ability to regenerate after injury?

Answer: PNS, but not CNS

Flashcard 8: What physiological changes are expected during REM sleep?

Answer: extraocular movement increased HR and BP penile/clitoral tumescence