Pancreatic endocrine function — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The synthesis of growth hormone is stimulated by _____, its hypothalamic-releasing hormone

Answer: growth-hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)

Flashcard 2: Insulin results in _____ K+ uptake into cells

Answer: increased

Flashcard 3: Increased intracellular Ca2+ in the pancreatic beta-cell causes _____ of insulin-containing granules

Answer: exocytosis

Flashcard 4: Release of the aqueous (HCO3-) component of pancreatic secretion is primarily stimulated by _____

Answer: secretin

Flashcard 5: The remaining cells (non-alpha, beta, delta) of the islets of Langerhans secrete _____ or other peptides

Answer: pancreatic polypeptide

Flashcard 6: What is the effect of somatostatin on insulin and glucagon secretion?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 7: Because prolonged CNS _____glycemia leads to irreversible neurological deficits and death, multiple counter-regulatory systems are activated in response

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 8: What is the effect of the FGF gene?

Answer: stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, lengthening of limbs

Flashcard 9: What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?

Answer: Neural crest cells

Extra: The adrenal medulla is essentially a modified sympathetic ganglion. While the medulla is derived from the neural crest (ectoderm), the adrenal cortex is derived from the mesoderm.

Flashcard 10: Identify the structure labeled '10' in the provided image of the spinal cord (Endocrine/Autonomic context).

Answer: Intermediate horn (Sympathetics) :: number 10 in the diagram