Mineralocorticoid actions — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Aldosterone _____ the number of luminal membrane K+ channels in the late distal tubule and collecting duct

Answer: increases

Flashcard 2: Aldosterone upregulates _____ channels on the apical membranes of the principal cells, increasing K+ excretion

Answer: K+

Flashcard 3: Aldosterone upregulates the _____ pump on the apical membrane of the alpha-intercalated cells, increasing H+ excretion

Answer: H+ ATPase

Flashcard 4: _____ is a hormone that increases renal Na+ reabsorption, thereby restoring ECF volume and blood volume to normal

Answer: Aldosterone

Flashcard 5: Secondary hyperaldosteronism is due to activation of _____ system

Answer: renin-angiotensin

Extra:   Watch Adrenocortical Hyperfunction Hyperaldosteronism & Hypercortisolism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-adrenocortical-hyperfunction-hyperaldosteronism-and-hypercortisolism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/heart-failure/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: What is the effect of the FGF gene?

Answer: stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, lengthening of limbs

Flashcard 7: What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?

Answer: Neural crest cells

Extra: The adrenal medulla is essentially a modified sympathetic ganglion. While the medulla is derived from the neural crest (ectoderm), the adrenal cortex is derived from the mesoderm.

Flashcard 8: Identify the structure labeled '10' in the provided image of the spinal cord (Endocrine/Autonomic context).

Answer: Intermediate horn (Sympathetics) :: number 10 in the diagram

Flashcard 9: Effect of a lesion to the Reticular Activating System (RAS)?

Answer: Reduced wakefulness and arousability (e.g., coma)

Flashcard 10: What cells and tissue make CSF?

Answer: Ependymal cells of choroid plexus