Glucose homeostasis mechanisms — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: All glucose transporters are fully saturated (Tm) at a rate of ~ _____ mg/min

Answer: 375

Flashcard 2: Which endocrine hormones use receptor-associated tyrosine kinases as their signaling pathway (4 + 2 bonus)?

Answer: 1. Prolactin, 2. Growth hormone, 3. Erythropoietin, 4. Leptin. Bonus: Cytokines (Interferons, Interleukins) and Thrombopoietin.

Flashcard 3: _____ is the major regulator of insulin release

Answer: Glucose

Flashcard 4: _____, an endocrine hormone, is a member of a family of peptides that includes the GI hormones secretin and GIP

Answer: Glucagon

Flashcard 5: What are the three locations that insulin acts on? _____

Answer: Liver, muscle, and adipose tissue

Flashcard 6: What effect does glucagon have on insulin secretion? _____

Answer: Increased

Flashcard 7: What is the effect of insulin on glucagon secretion?_____

Answer: Decreased

Flashcard 8: Because prolonged CNS _____glycemia leads to irreversible neurological deficits and death, multiple counter-regulatory systems are activated in response

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 9: What is the effect of the FGF gene?

Answer: stimulates mitosis of underlying mesoderm, lengthening of limbs

Flashcard 10: What is the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla?

Answer: Neural crest cells

Extra: The adrenal medulla is essentially a modified sympathetic ganglion. While the medulla is derived from the neural crest (ectoderm), the adrenal cortex is derived from the mesoderm.