Cardiac cycle — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: Phase _____ of the myocardial action potential is characterized by a return to resting membrane potential

Answer: 4

Flashcard 12: In what demographics may the heart sound S3 be normal? _____

Answer: Children, young adults, pregnant women, athletes

Flashcard 13: What part of a myocardial cell is the site of storage and release of Ca2+ for excitation-contraction coupling? _____

Answer: Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

Extra: Other:

Flashcard 14: Isovolumetric _____ corresponds to the end of the T wave on ECG

Answer: relaxation

Flashcard 15: Atrial _____ is preceded by the P wave on ECG, which marks depolarization of the atria

Answer: systole

Flashcard 16: The increase in atrial pressure caused by atrial systole appears on the venous pulse curve as the _____ wave

Answer: a

Extra: The 'a' wave appears as contraction of the right atrium because the jugular venous pulse is measured on the venous side - this distinction comes into play for right vs left sided AV valve problems. Notice how the 'a' wave hight is a little higher than the 'v' wave height How the 'a' wave changes based on different pathologies. Mainly focus on Tricuspid regurgitation & stenosis, and Atrial fibrillation:

Flashcard 17: The x descent on jugular venous pulse corresponds to _____

Answer: atrial relaxation

Extra: increased JVP without inspiratory decline is known as Kussmaul's sign; may also have prominent x & y descents on jugular venous pulse tracings and a pericardial knock (mid-diastolic sound) on PE

Flashcard 18: Phase _____ of the SA node action potential is characterized by repolarization

Answer: 3

Flashcard 19: Action potentials in the heart are usually initiated in the _____, which serves as the pacemaker

Answer: SA node

Flashcard 20: _____, or diastasis, is the longest phase of the cardiac cycle

Answer: Reduced ventricular filling