How do aortic and ventricular pressure change during reduced ventricular ejection?_____
Which phase in the SA node accounts for its pacemaker activity and automaticity?_____
Slowed conduction through the AV node normally causes a _____-msec delay, allowing time for ventricular filling
The increase in atrial pressure caused by atrial systole appears on the venous pulse curve as the _____ wave
How does ventricular volume change during atrial systole?_____
The normal heart sound _____ is loudest at the left upper sternal border
Activation of β1 receptors in the SA node produces an increase in _____ channel activity, which increases the rate of phase 4 depolarization and thus heart rate
The heart sound _____ may be audible during isovolumetric contraction
The calcium channels that open during the plateau phase (myocardial action potential) are _____-type channels
Conduction velocity is increased when the space (length) constant is _____
Phases of the cardiac cycle
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Pressure-volume relationships
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Heart sounds and their origin
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Ventricular filling dynamics
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Valve function during cardiac cycle
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Electrical-mechanical coupling
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Isovolumetric contraction and relaxation
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Ventricular ejection physiology
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Atrial contribution to cardiac function
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Cardiac cycle in pathologic states
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Diastolic function assessment
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Systolic function assessment
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Effects of heart rate on cardiac cycle
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