Acid-base balance — Flashcards

Flashcard 111: Acute kidney injury = metabolic _____ and hyperkalemia Loop diuretic = metabolic _____ and hypokalemia

Answer: acidosis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acid-base/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 112: ↑ Insulin/β-agonist/alkalosis = _____

Answer: hypokalemia

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/potassium/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 113: Early aspirin intoxication = _____ Later aspirin intoxication (> 12 hours) = _____

Answer: pure respiratory alkalosis

Extra:  - Early: aspirin stimulates medullary respiratory center - Medium: aspirin is an acid and dissociates and causes increased lipolysis + inhibits citric acid cycle, forming lactic acid and causing metabolic acidosis.  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-trauma/toxic-ingestion/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 114: What is the normal range of pH arterial blood (room air)?

Answer: From 7.35 to 7.45 pH

Flashcard 115: 68 y/o man comes with abdominal pain, nausea for past 2 days. -Lactic acid, venous blood: 5.6 (normal: 0.5 - 2.0) -Urinalysis: Acidic urine. -Renal metabolism of what amino acids is most important for maximizing acid excretion in this patient?

Answer: Glutamine because the patient has lactic acidosis (high anion gap metabolic acidosis) It will use Glutamine to converted to glutamate which will create NH4+ & HCO3 to cope with high acid in the body. Ammonium (acid) will excrete in urine while HCO3 will reabsorb in the body to neutralize acid.

Flashcard 116: Somatostatin secretion is stimulated by _____ pH in the GI mucosa (high or low)

Answer: low

Flashcard 117: The mucus that covers the gastric epithelium traps _____, thus neutralizing any HCl that penetrates the mucus barrier

Answer: HCO3-

Flashcard 118: _____ increases H+ secretion indirectly by causing histamine release from ECL cells

Answer: Gastrin

Flashcard 119: In response to respiratory alkalosis (e.g. due to high altitude), there is increased renal excretion of _____

Answer: HCO3-

Flashcard 120: What is the normal average blood HCO3- concentration (mEq/L)?_____

Answer: 24 mEq/L