Posterior pituitary hormones — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Desmopressin may be used to treat night _____

Answer: enuresis (bed wetting)

Flashcard 2: Which dose-dependent side effect is characteristically associated with SNRIs (e.g., venlafaxine)?

Answer: Hypertension (increased blood pressure)

Flashcard 3: Treatment for central diabetes insipidus includes hydration and _____, which is an ADH analog

Answer: desmopressin

Flashcard 4: What is a serious complication of vaptans (e.g. tolvaptan, conivaptan) that may occur if SIADH-induced hyponatremia is corrected too quickly? _____

Answer: Central pontine myelinolysis (osmotic demyelination syndrome)

Flashcard 5: In addition to central diabetes insipidus, desmopressin (DDAVP) may be used to treat _____, which is associated with hemarthrosis and prolonged bleeding after minor procedures

Answer: hemophilia A

Flashcard 6: Clomiphene is an partial agonist at _____ receptors in the hypothalamus

Answer: estrogen

Flashcard 7: mestranol

Answer: estrogen

Extra: hypognadism, ovarian failure, menstrual abnormalities, HRT in postmenopausal women, androgen-dependent prostate cancerestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, hx DVTbinds estrogen receptorincreased risk of endometrial cancer, vaginal bleeding in postmenopausal women

Flashcard 8: Clomiphene mechanism of action (MOA)

Answer: SERM

Extra: Uses: Infertility and PCOS Mechanism: Partial agonist at estrogen receptors in hypothalamus; prevents normal feedback inhibition, increasing LH and FSH release which stimulates ovulation. Side effects: Hot flashes, ovarian enlargement, multiple pregnancy, visual disturbances.

Flashcard 9: tamoxifen

Answer: SERM

Extra: ER-positive breast cancerantagonist at estrogen receptor; specific for breast tissue

Flashcard 10: raloxifene

Answer: SERM

Extra: Clinical use: Osteoporosis (reduces bone resorption). \nMechanism: Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERM). Agonist at bone; Antagonist at breast and uterus (no increased risk of endometrial cancer).