Drug-induced kidney injury — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What class of anti-microbials is a common cause of acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 2: Which antibiotics can result in acute tubular necrosis?_____

Answer: Aminoglycosides

Flashcard 3: What chemotherapeutic agent may cause acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: Cisplatin

Flashcard 4: Which drug is used to prevent cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity?_____

Answer: Amifostine

Flashcard 5: Which chemotherapeutic drug is known to cause acute tubular necrosis?_____

Answer: Cisplatin

Flashcard 6: Acute tubular necrosis may be caused by heavy metals such as _____

Answer: lead

Flashcard 7: thalidomide

Answer: limb defects (flipper limbs)

Flashcard 8: What are the teratogenic effects of warfarin?

Answer: Bone deformities (stippled epiphyses, nasal hypoplasia), fetal hemorrhage, abortion, ophthalmologic abnormalities

Extra: Warfarin inhibits epoxide reductase, interfering with γ-carboxylation of glutamate residues (including Osteocalcin). Exposure during 6-9 weeks gestation leads to Fetal Warfarin Syndrome.

Flashcard 9: Mechanism of action of Disulfiram?

Answer: Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)

Extra: Mechanism: Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase → accumulation of acetaldehyde → Disulfiram-like reaction (wicked hangover-like symptoms: flushing, tachycardia, nausea/vomiting, hypotension). Used as an alcohol deterrent (aversion therapy).

Flashcard 10: Which vitamins, water or fat soluble, are more likely to cause toxicity? Why?

Answer: fat soluble; sequester in fat, less easy to wash out