Antivirals — Flashcards
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amantadine
Enfuvirtide binds _____ of HIV inhibiting viral cell fusion with host cells
NRTIs and _____ both are reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV
_____ insert themselves into the DNA of the reverse transcriptase, halting further elongation
Hint: NRTIs or NNRTIs
Ganciclovir triphosphate then incorporates into viral DNA, inhibiting _____
Patients taking acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir are at risk of obstructive crystalline nephropathy and acute renal failure if not adequately _____
Which NRTI is a nucleotide and not a nucleoside? _____
_____ is a nucleotide analog that inhibits the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are used as prophylaxis of CMV retinitis in _____ patients
Zidovudine and Stavudine are associated with _____
Hint: tissue pathology
Antivirals US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Antivirals with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Antivirals Flashcard Deck - 419 Cards
Flashcard 1: amantadine
Answer:
Extra: Parkinson's disease, influenza A, rubella exact mechanism unclear, but leads to increased dopamine release ataxia
Flashcard 2: Enfuvirtide binds _____ of HIV inhibiting viral cell fusion with host cells
Answer: gp41
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: NRTIs and _____ both are reverse transcriptase inhibitors used in the treatment of HIV
Answer: NNRTIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 4: _____ insert themselves into the DNA of the reverse transcriptase, halting further elongation
Answer: NRTIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 5: Ganciclovir triphosphate then incorporates into viral DNA, inhibiting _____
Answer: viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: Patients taking acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir are at risk of obstructive crystalline nephropathy and acute renal failure if not adequately _____
Answer: hydrated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: Which NRTI is a nucleotide and not a nucleoside? _____
Answer: Tenofovir
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 8: _____ is a nucleotide analog that inhibits the HCV NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Answer: Sofosbuvir
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Flashcard 9: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are used as prophylaxis of CMV retinitis in _____ patients
Answer: immunocompromised
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 10: Zidovudine and Stavudine are associated with _____
Answer: lipodystrophy
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 11: Which type of HAART drug is Raltegravir? _____
Answer: Integrase inhibitor
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Chronic use of interferon alpha is associated with patients experiencing flu-like symptoms; as well as _____, neutropenia, and myopathy
Answer: depression
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Which recombinant cytokine can be used to treat Kaposi sarcoma? _____
Answer: IFN-α
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: Maraviroc carries a significant risk of _____toxicity
Answer: hepato
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 15: _____ and ribavirin inhibit IMP dehydrogenase, preventing conversion of IMP to GMP (purine synthesis)
Answer: Mycophenolate
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: What type of vaccine is the rabies vaccine? _____
Answer: Inactivated/killed
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir have _____ activity against EBV
Answer: weak
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 18: _____-encoded thymidine-kinase phosphorylation is the rate determining activation step of Acyclovir
Answer: Virus
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Flashcard 19: Ribavirin is a(n) _____ analog
Answer: guanosine nucleoside
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: Resistance to Foscarnet develops via a mutation of _____
Answer: DNA Polymerase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: Which step ([A] - [E]) of the HIV life cycle does Maraviroc target? _____
Answer: [A]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 22: Which hepatitis drug has myelosuppression as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: Interferon alpha
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch Interferon a, b, y [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-immunology-interferon-a-b-g?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Which step ([A] - [D]) of the viral life cycle does Oseltamivir and Zanamivir target? _____
Answer: [D]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: What type of vaccine is the yellow fever vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 25: Which two antiviral drugs directly inhibit DNA polymerase? _____
Answer: Foscarnet and Cidofovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: What is the MOA of Cidofovir? _____
Answer: Preferential direct inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
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Flashcard 27: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are _____ analogs
Answer: guanosine
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 28: Foscarnet and Cidofovir can cause damage to the _____
Answer: kidneys
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: The traditional treatment for HCV was pegylated _____ / oral ribavirin
Answer: Interferon alpha
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 30: Foscarnet can cause _____ due to electrolyte disturbances
Answer: seizures
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Valganciclovir, a prodrug of ganciclovir, has better oral _____
Answer: bioavailability
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: Oseltamivir / zanamivir also prevent influenza by impairing viral penetration of _____ that overlie the respiratory epithelium
Answer: mucous secretions
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: What side effect presents with increased central adiposity with skinny legs? _____
Answer: Lipodystrophy
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Flashcard 34: Which HAART drugs are associated with peripheral neuropathy? _____
Answer: NRTIs; specifically lamivudine, stavudine, and didanosine
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: Protease inhibitors can result in hyperglycemia due to _____ resistance
Answer: insulin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Which anti-influenza drug increases dopamine synthesis/release and inhibits reuptake? _____
Answer: Amantadine
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 37: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are commonly used to treat _____
Answer: CMV
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: Which type of HAART drug is lamivudine (3TC)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: NRTIs are _____ inhibitors of the HIV Reverse Transcriptase
Answer: competitive
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: Which step ([A] - [E]) of the HIV life cycle do NRTI's target? _____
Answer: [C]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: Which NNRTI is associated with vivid dreams and CNS symptoms (psychosis, drowsiness, headache)? _____
Answer: Efavirenz
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: PEGylation of interferons allows what pharmacological property to be extended? _____
Answer: Half Life
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Vivid dreams / Nightmares and CNS symptoms are side effects seen with which NNRTI? _____
Answer: Efavirenz
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 44: Integrase inhibitors can result in rhabdomyolysis, which will appear with elevated _____ levels
Answer: creatine kinase
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: What type of vaccine is the HPV vaccine? _____
Answer: Subunit
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Azathioprine/6-MP use can result in increased risk for _____ due to immunosuppression
Answer: infection
Extra: Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology/immunosuppression/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Which HAART drug binds to CCR5? _____
Answer: Maraviroc
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: All-trans retinoic acid can be used to treat the _____ virus
Answer: measles
Extra: #REF! https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 49: Acyclovir can cause interstitial nephritis and _____ (renal side effects)
Answer: crystalline nephropathy
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) consists of a minimum of _____ drugs to prevent resistance
Answer: 3
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Which HAART drugs prevent mature virion formation from large polypeptides? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Ribavirin is a(n) guanosine nucleoside analog that acts by competitively inhibiting _____
Answer: Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: What type of vaccine is the injected influenza vaccine? _____
Answer: Inactivated/killed
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: When incorporated into the nascent DNA chain, NRTI's cause chain termination as they lack a(n) _____
Answer: 3' OH group
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Rash and hepatotoxicity are common to which NNRTI's? _____
Answer: All :)
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: What type of vaccine is the HAV vaccine? _____
Answer: Inactivated/killed
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: NRTI’s lack a 3’ hydroxyl group, causing strand termination when binding to _____
Answer: HIV reverse transcriptase
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 58: What anti-herpetic drug can produce CNS side effects such as confusion, delirium, vertigo, hallucinations? _____
Answer: Acyclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 59: _____ or _____ are used to treat ganciclovir-resistant CMV infections
Answer: Foscarnet
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: A major side effect of ribavirin is that it may cause _____
Answer: dose-dependent hemolytic anemia (10-20% of patients)
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: Patients taking HIV Protease inhibitors for awhile can resemble patients on chronic Glucocorticoid therapy due to their ability to cause _____
Answer: Lipodystrophy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 62: Do any of the following antivirals have activity against CMV? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 63: Which type of HAART drug is Dolutegravir? _____
Answer: Integrase inhibitor
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 64: NNRTIs can cause _____ failure, with resulting _____ cutaneously
Answer: liver
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Live attenuated vaccines are often contraindicated in _____ and immunodeficiency
Answer: pregnancy
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: HIV protease inhibitors _____ cytochrome P-450
Answer: inhibit
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: Do Foscarnet and Cidofovir require any kinase activation? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: NNRTIs are associated with _____, that can manifest as a more severe pathology such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Answer: rash
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki Toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome This 6-month-old patient presents with toxic epidermal necrolysis, the severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Smallpox vaccination can trigger toxic epidermal necrolysis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome following sulfonamide treatment Blistering of skin and epidermal detachment involving the conjunctiva are visible, resembling a superficial burn.
Flashcard 69: Which NRTI may cause hyperpigmentation of palms and soles? _____
Answer: Emtricitabine
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: What is the drug of choice for chickenpox? _____
Answer: Acyclovir
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Does Hepatitis A have a vaccine? _____
Answer: Yes!
Extra: Watch Hepatitis A virus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-hepatitis-a-virus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 72: Which type of HAART drug is zidovudine (ZDV, formerly AZT)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Chronic therapy of interferon alpha may result in _____, causing mood disorders (e.g. depression) and confusion
Answer: neurotoxicity
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch Interferon a, b, y [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-immunology-interferon-a-b-g?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: What type of vaccine is the varicella vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: What is the treatment of neonatal HSV infection? _____
Answer: IV acyclovir
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: All antineoplastic nucleoside analogs (including cladribine, cytarabine, gemcitabine) can cause _____suppression
Answer: myelo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: In what sole population is the Adenovirus vaccine indicated? _____
Answer: Military recruits
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: What class of antivirals are the following drugs? _____ Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir, Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir
Answer: Guanosine analogs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 79: What type of vaccine is the Adenovirus vaccine? _____
Answer: Live non-attenuated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: Recurrence of genital HSV can be suppressed or minimized with a(n) _____ administration of valacyclovir
Answer: daily
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 81: NNRTIs are associated with _____ syndrome, a severe cutaneous pathology associated with the sloughing of skin
Answer: Stevens-Johnson
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki Toxic epidermal necrolysis/Stevens-Johnson syndrome This 6-month-old patient presents with toxic epidermal necrolysis, the severe form of Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Smallpox vaccination can trigger toxic epidermal necrolysis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome following sulfonamide treatment Blistering of skin and epidermal detachment involving the conjunctiva are visible, resembling a superficial burn.
Flashcard 82: Patients taking NRTIs suffer from _____ suppression
Answer: bone marrow
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Neuraminidase inhibitors are used to treat and prevent Influenza A and/or B and/or C? _____
Answer: A & B
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Ganciclovir must be _____ by intracellular enzymes to reach its activated nucleotide form
Answer: phosphorylated three times
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Foscarnet has been shown to inhibit HIV _____
Answer: Reverse Transcriptase
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Cidofovir is an antiviral drug that is _____-toxic
Answer: nephro
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: What is the mechanism of resistance to Acyclovir/Famciclovir/Valacyclovir? _____
Answer: Mutated/Absent Thymidine Kinase
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Which type of HAART drug is tenofovir (TDF)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 89: Resistance in CMV to ganciclovir occurs with mutations in the _____ gene
Answer: UL97
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Patients taking Foscarnet can experience various _____ abnormalities
Answer: electrolyte
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Ribavirin must be _____ by intracellular enzymes to reach its activated nucleotide form
Answer: phosphorylated three times
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/transplant-rejection?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit the M2 channels? _____
Answer: Amantadine; Rimantadine
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: Which NRTI's are particularly associated with peripheral neuropathy? _____
Answer: Didanosine (ddl), Lamivudine (3TC), Stavudine (d4T)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 94: What is the treatment for Acyclovir-resistant HSV? _____
Answer: Foscarnet or Cidofovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: Which step ([A] - [D]) of the viral life cycle do Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir, Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir target? _____
Answer: [C]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 96: The MMR vaccine should be avoided in _____ and _____ patients
Answer: pregnant
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: Pyrimidine nucleoside analogs (ex Cytarabine and Gemcitabine) work by inhibiting _____
Answer: DNA polymerase A/B
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: What is the method of administration of the sabin vaccine? _____
Answer: Orally
Extra: Watch Poliovirus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-poliovirus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: Which type of HAART drug is Ritonavir? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Ganciclovir is converted to ganciclovir monophosphate by virus-encoded kinases via the _____ gene
Answer: UL-97
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Adverse effects associated with sofosbuvir include _____ and _____
Answer: fatigue
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: What is the treatment of serious HSV and VZV infections? _____
Answer: IV acyclovir
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: Nevirapine is associated with _____ of cytochrome p450 enzymes
Answer: induction
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: What drugs are used to prevent breakouts of Herpes Simplex Virus? _____
Answer: Acyclovir; Valacyclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 105: NNRTIs are _____ inhibitors of the HIV Reverse Transcriptase
Answer: non-competitive
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 106: NRTIs are nucleosides or nucleotides that have an absent _____
Answer: 3' hydroxyl group
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 107: Integrase inhibitors will inhibit HIV _____ integration into the host cell genome, preventing _____ production
Answer: dsDNA
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: Do NNRTI's need to be phosphorylated to be active? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: _____ is a(n) CCR5 inhibitor that inhibits HIV entrance into macrophages early in the disease course
Answer: Maraviroc
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Adverse effects associated with amantadine include _____ and livedo reticularis
Answer: ataxia
Extra: First Aid Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych Watch Levodopa/carbidopa, entacapone, tolcapone, selegiline, ropinirole, pramipexole, amantadine [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-neuro-psych/videos/medical-pharmacology-neuropsych-antipsychotics-and-parkinsons-levodopacarbidopa-entacapone-tolcapone-selegiline-ropinirole-pramipexole-amantadine?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody against the _____ of RSV
Answer: fusion (F) protein
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Acyclovir, famciclovir, and valacyclovir are used to treat _____ VZV and HSV infections
Answer: active
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 113: Foscarnet is a(n) _____ analog
Answer: Pyrophosphate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: Drugs like Dolutegravir, Elvitegravir, and Raltegravir reversibly inhibit _____
Answer: HIV integrase
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 115: Once -cyclovir's are bioactivated to their triphosphate form, these then inhibit viral DNA polymerase by _____ nascent DNA strand
Answer: incorporation into the
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 116: Which type of HAART drug is didanosine (ddl)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: NRTIs are associated with _____ toxicity and lactic acidosis
Answer: mitochondrial
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: Acyclovir triphosphate incorporates into replicating viral DNA, inhibiting _____
Answer: DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: Simeprevir is a NS3/4A _____ inhibitor that may be used for the treatment of hepatitis C genotype 1
Answer: protease
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: Will a short (7-10 day) course of treatment with acyclovir during the primary genital HSV infection alter recurrence rates? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Which NNRTI's are contraindicated in pregnancy? _____
Answer: Delaviridine, Efavirenz
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: What drug is contraindicated in children with viral illness? _____
Answer: Aspirin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: Which strain(s) of influenza are treated with M2 channel blockers (rimantidine, amantadine)? _____
Answer: Influenza A
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit neuraminidase (NA)? _____
Answer: Zanamivir; Oseltamivir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: In their first step of bioactivation, -cyclovirs are converted to the _____ form by specific herpesvirus kinases
Answer: monophosphate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 126: Which type of HAART drug is emtricitabine (FTC)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: What classes of HAART drugs directly inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase? _____
Answer: NRTIs; NNRTIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: Which antiviral is used during solid-organ and bone marrow transplant? _____
Answer: Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: Which type of HAART drug is abacavir (ABC)? _____
Answer: NRTI
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: Which antiviral can cause renal insufficiency and decreased serum Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+? _____
Answer: Foscarnet
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Simeprevir is a(n) inhibitor of _____ and thus may have many drug interactions
Answer: cytochrome P450
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: Do NNRTIs compete with nucleotides for binding to reverse transcriptase? _____
Answer: No
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 133: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are used to treat CMV, especially in _____ patients
Answer: immunocompromised
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: Enfuvirtide prevents HIV infection by binding what HIV glycoprotein? _____
Answer: gp41
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: Uncommon side-effects of acyclovir include _____, confusion, vertigo, and _____
Answer: delirium
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: Simeprevir can cause drug-drug interactions by inhibiting _____
Answer: cytochrome p450
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: If a patient taking Integrase Inhibitors can develops elevated Creatine Kinase levels, what should you suspect is occurring? _____
Answer: Rhabdomyolysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Which NRTI is associated with myelosuppression? _____
Answer: Zidovudine
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: Do most NRTI's need to be phosphorylated to be active? _____
Answer: Yes
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: _____ can be used to treat urogenital warts by activating TLR-7, leading to unregulated pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-kB which initiates the immune response
Answer: Imiquimod
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: Amantadine and Rimantadine are drugs that inhibit the _____ of influenza A
Answer: M2 protein channels
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: Ribavirin is extremely contraindicated in what patient population? _____
Answer: Pregnant patients
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 143: Treatment of Rabies virus includes administration of _____ and rabies immunoglobulin (passive immunization)
Answer: killed rabies vaccine (active immunization)
Extra: Watch Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-rabies-virus-rhabdoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki Ig binds rabies virus, while vaccine stimulates antibody production.
Flashcard 144: Which NRTI is associated with anemia and granulocytopenia? _____
Answer: Zidovudine
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: Which NRTI is associated with Fanconi syndrome? _____
Answer: Tenofovir
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 146: Renal complications of acyclovir can be avoided with _____
Answer: adequate hydration
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Which anti-influenza agent is useful in the management of Parkinson disease? _____
Answer: Amantadine
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Neuro/Psych https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 148: CMV can gain resistance to ganciclovir via mutations in the _____ gene or its DNA polymerase
Answer: UL-97
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: Acyclovir must be _____ by intracellular enzymes to reach its activated nucleotide form
Answer: phosphorylated three times
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: What type of vaccine is the rotavirus vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Prophylaxis of HSV with acyclovir is important in _____ patients
Answer: immunocompromised
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 152: Neonates at risk for HBV infection at birth are given _____
Answer: anti-HBV immunoglobulins
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/hepatic-pathology?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: HCV therapeutics with the suffix _____ work by inhibiting the NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase
Answer: -buvir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Foscarnet and Cidofovir are indicated for _____-resistant HSV infections
Answer: acyclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Which NRTI is associated with dose-dependent pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Didanosine
Extra: Watch NRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/pancreatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: Which type of HAART drug is Delavirdine? _____
Answer: NNRTI
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Which HCV Therapies are generally well tolerated and occasionally present with photosensitivity reactions and rash _____
Answer: Simeprevir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: NRTI's are mostly _____ analogs
Answer: nucleoside
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: Which HIV protease inhibitor can result in nephrolithiasis? _____
Answer: Indinavir
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 161: Which HAART drug class commonly causes lipodystrophy? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: Which type of HAART drug is Efavirenz? _____
Answer: NNRTI
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: What drug blocks tubular secretion of Cidofovir? _____
Answer: Probenecid
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: _____ is an antiviral agent that acts as a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor by binding to the pyrophosphate-binding site of the enzyme
Answer: Foscarnet
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: Which ion imbalances are associated with Foscarnet administration? _____
Answer: Hypo-magnesemia, -kalemia, -calcemia
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Do protease inhibitors require phosphorylation to be activated? _____
Answer: No
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Didanosine (ddl) can cause _____itis
Answer: pancreat
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: Which NNRTIs are teratogenic? _____
Answer: Delavirdine; Efavirenz
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: HIV Protease Inhibitor's are metabolized by _____
Answer: Cytochrome P450
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs? _____
Answer: Integrase Inhibitors
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit viral uncoating? _____
Answer: Amantadine and Rimantadine
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: In their second step of bioactivation, -cyclovirs are converted to the _____ form by specific cellular kinases
Answer: triphosphate
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: Maraviroc inhibits _____ of HIV binding to the chemokine receptor _____
Answer: gp120
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 174: Which influenza vaccine is administered intranasally? _____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Which type of HAART drug is Lopinavir? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Which group of -cyclovir's is bioactivated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase and indicated for treatment of them? _____ Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir OR Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir
Answer: Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: Which two anti-influenza drugs have a high rate of resistance (no longer recommended)? _____
Answer: Amantadine; Rimantadine
Extra: Watch Influenzavirus (Orthomyxoviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-influenzavirus-orthomyxoviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: Lack of thymidine kinase to phosphorylate acyclovir explains why the drug is not effective in _____ and _____
Answer: CMV
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: What class of drugs inhibits HIV DNA integration into host cell genomes? _____
Answer: Integrase inhibitors
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 180: Interferon _____ may be used to treat multiple sclerosis
Answer: β
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) Watch Interferon a, b, y [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-immunology-interferon-a-b-g?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 181: HCV therapeutics with the suffix _____ work by inhibiting the NS5A protein, which plays an integral role in viral replication
Answer: -asvir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 182: Abacavir (ABC) is contraindicated for HIV treatment if patient has an HLA-_____ mutation
Answer: B*5701
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 183: Mycophenolate Mofetil is associated with invasive _____ infections
Answer: CMV
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 184: Cidofovir preferentially inhibits viral _____ polymerase
Answer: DNA
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 185: Which antiviral can cause seizures due to electrolyte disturbances? _____
Answer: Foscarnet
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 186: What drug is a pyrophosphate analog that directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase? _____
Answer: Foscarnet
Extra: Watch Ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-ganciclovir-valganciclovir-foscarnet-cidofovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 187: Which viral DNA-polymerase inhibitors do not require thymidine kinase to become active? _____
Answer: Cidofovir, Foscarnet
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 188: Which HIV protease inhibitor displays the most potent inhibition of CYP450? _____
Answer: Ritonavir
Extra: Watch Protease inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-protease-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 189: Rituximab is associated with a rapidly fatal neuropathology known as Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy due to reactivation of the _____ virus
Answer: JC
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 190: Patients taking Ribavirin can develop a(n) _____ anemia
Answer: hemolytic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 191: The inactivated influenza vaccine results in humoral (antibody) response to the _____ antigen
Answer: hemagglutinin
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 192: Which chemotherapeutic drug is associated with invasive CMV infection? _____
Answer: mycophenolate mofetil
Extra: Watch Azathioprine, 6 mercaptopurine, mycophenolate mofetil [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics/videos/medical-pharmacology-antineoplastics-antimetabolites-azathioprine-6-mercaptopurine-mycophenolate-mofetil?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/genetics/videos/dna-structure?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 193: Which poliovirus vaccine is live, attenuated? _____
Answer: Sabin
Extra: Watch Poliovirus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-poliovirus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 194: Ritonavir is a cytochrome p450 _____
Answer: inhibitor
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 195: HIV Protease Inhibitors inhibit the _____ of new viruses
Answer: maturation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 196: Which polio vaccine is an inactivated/killed vaccine? _____
Answer: Salk
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 197: What two drugs are the preferred treatment of VZV? _____
Answer: Famciclovir; Valacyclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 198: Acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir are all _____ analogs
Answer: guanosine
Extra: Watch Acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-other-acyclovir-valacyclovir-famciclovir?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 199: Entecavir, tenofovir, and _____ can be used to treat HBV
Answer: PEG-IFN-alpha
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gastroenterology/viral-hepatitis/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 200: Which step ([A] - [E]) of the HIV life cycle does Enfuvirtide target? _____
Answer: [B]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 201: HCV therapeutics with the suffix _____ work by inhibiting the NS3/4A protease
Answer: -previr
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 202: Which group of -cyclovir's is bioactivated by a CMV viral kinase and indicated for treatment of them? _____ Acyclovir, Famciclovir, Valacyclovir OR Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir
Answer: Ganciclovir, Valganciclovir
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 203: Which type of HAART drug is Maraviroc? _____
Answer: Fusion inhibitor (inhibitor at attachment)
Extra: Watch Maraviroc, fusion inhibitors, integrase inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-maraviroc-fusion-inhibitors-integrase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 204: The backbone of Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are _____ such as Zidovudine
Answer: NRTIs
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 205: Which polio vaccine is a live attenuated (oral) vaccine? _____
Answer: Sabin
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 206: What drugs can be used to treat Shingles (Herpes zoster)? _____, Valacyclovir
Answer: Famciclovir
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 207: Which type of HAART drug is Nevirapine? _____
Answer: NNRTI
Extra: Watch NNRTIs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antivirals-hiv-nnrtis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 208: Which step ([A] - [E]) of the HIV life cycle do drugs with the suffix -navir target? _____
Answer: [E]
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 209: What class of antimicrobials are the following drugs? _____
Answer: HIV Protease Inhibitors
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Flashcard 210: Which poliovirus vaccine is inactivated/killed? _____
Answer: Salk
Extra: Watch Poliovirus (PicoRNAviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-poliovirus-picornaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/vaccinations?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 211: Which form of poliovirus vaccine is administered in the U.S.? _____
Answer: Salk
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Flashcard 212: Treatment of Rabies virus is known as _____ immunity
Answer: passive-active
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Flashcard 213: _____ inhibitors inhibit the enzyme responsible for cleaving proteins during viral replication
Answer: Protease
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Flashcard 214: Drugs that block DNA replication often have a modified _____, preventing addition of the next nucleotide ("chain termination")
Answer: 3' OH
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Flashcard 215: Adverse effects of simeprevir include _____ and _____
Answer: photosensitivity
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: GI (Hepatitis) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 216: Which allele is Abacavir hypersensitivity associated with? _____
Answer: HLA-B 57:01
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Flashcard 217: Which type of HAART drug is stavudine (d4T)? _____
Answer: NRTI
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Flashcard 218: Bone marrow suppression caused by Zidovudine can be reversed with _____ and erythropoietin
Answer: G-CSF
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Flashcard 219: What class of HAART drugs compete with nucleotides for binding to HIV reverse transcriptase? _____
Answer: NRTIs
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Flashcard 220: Which HAART drugs can result in hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
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Flashcard 221: Which step ([A] - [E]) of the HIV life cycle does NNRTIs target? _____
Answer: [C]
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Flashcard 222: During active Shingles infection (herpes zoster), valacyclovir and famciclovir are most effective if given within _____ of symptom onset
Answer: 3 days
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Flashcard 223: Which type of HAART drug is Indinavir? _____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
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Flashcard 224: What anti-retroviral drug is associated with pancreatitis? _____
Answer: Didanosine
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Flashcard 225: For patients who have never received the rabies vaccine, rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) includes the _____
Answer: rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine
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Flashcard 226: What is the best anti-retroviral HIV drug for pregnancy/post-partum? _____
Answer: Zidovudine (AZT)
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Flashcard 227: _____ is a monoclonal antibody that can be used as prophylaxis against RSV in high-risk infants < 2 years of age
Answer: Palivizumab
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Flashcard 228: What is the pharmacologic treatment for a neonate born from a mother with a CMV infection? _____
Answer: Ganciclovir or valganciclovir
Extra:
Flashcard 229: Which anti-retroviral agent is associated with neuropsychiatric side effects (e.g. vivid dreams, depression)? _____
Answer: Efavirenz (NNRTI)
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Flashcard 230: Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with _____ slows progression of disease; other options include glatiramer and natalizumab
Answer: interferon β
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Flashcard 231: Egg protein allergy is a contraindication when administering the influenza vaccine _____
Answer: F
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Flashcard 232: _____ is typically only used to boost the concentration of other protease inhibitors
Answer: Ritonavir
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Flashcard 233: Amantadine adverse effects include livedo reticularis, _____, and orthostatic dysregulation
Answer: peripheral edema
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Flashcard 234: IFN-α can be used to treat which hepatitis infections? _____
Answer: Hep B and C
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Flashcard 235: The influenza vaccine is recommended during flu season, from _____-_____ in the northern hemisphere and May-October in the southern hemisphere.
Answer: October
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Flashcard 236: Fever and rash 1-3 weeks after administration of MMR vaccine = _____
Answer: mild form of disease
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Flashcard 237: What combined antiviral therapy is effective against most strains of hepatitis C (e.g. genotypes 1-6)? _____
Answer: Sofosbuvir-velpatasvir
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Flashcard 238: IFN-_____ is contraindicated among patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus
Answer: α
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Flashcard 239: _____ may result in lethal hypersensitivity and requires HLA-B*5701 testing before use in treating HIV
Answer: Abacavir
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Flashcard 240: The treatment guideline for HIV is: 2 _____ and either: _____ _____ _____
Answer: NRTIs
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Flashcard 241: Initial treatment of uncomplicated zoster is managed with _____
Answer: oral acyclovir/valacyclovir/famciclovir
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Flashcard 242: postexposure HIV prophylaxis = _____
Answer: 3 drug (2+1) for 4 weeks
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Flashcard 243: Postexposure prophylaxis of rabies includes administration of _____ and rabies immunoglobulin (passive immunization)
Answer: killed rabies vaccine (active immunization)
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Flashcard 244: Treatment of Rabies _____
Answer: (1) IVIG (passive immunization) (2) dead vaccine (active immunization) (Post-exposure prophylaxis is effective due to time lag between infecting motor end plate and replicating in motor neurons)
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Flashcard 245: Yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated in those with a(n) _____ allergy
Answer: egg
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Flashcard 246: The quadrivalent vaccine Gardasil protects against HPV types _____
Answer: 6,11,16,18
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Flashcard 247: Do NNRTIs compete with nucleotides for binding to reverse transcriptase?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 248: What type of vaccine is the Zoster vaccine?_____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Flashcard 249: Which type of HAART drug is lamivudine (3TC)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 250: Which NRTI is associated with myelosuppresion?_____
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 251: Which two antiviral drugs directly inhibit DNA polymerase?_____
Answer: Foscarnet and Cidofovir
Flashcard 252: Which influenza vaccine can result in CD8+ T-cell response?_____
Answer: Live, intranasal vaccine
Flashcard 253: What type of vaccine is the varicella vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Flashcard 254: Do NRTIs require phosphorylation to be activated?_____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 255: Foscarnet can cause _____ due to electrolyte disturbances
Answer: seizures
Flashcard 256: Interferon Beta protects the _____ Barrier by preventing extravasation of lymphocytes
Answer: Blood Brain
Flashcard 257: Which ion imbalances are associated with Foscarnet administration?_____
Answer: Hypo-magnesemia, -kalemia, -calcemia
Flashcard 258: NRTIs lack a 3 hydroxyl group, causing strand termination when binding to _____
Answer: HIV reverse transcriptase
Flashcard 259: _____ is the prodrug form of Ganciclovir that has better oral bioavailability.
Answer: Valganciclovir
Flashcard 260: Which NRTI is associated with anemia and granulocytopenia?_____
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 261: Treatment for CMV includes _____, Valganciclovir or Foscarnet/cidofovir
Answer: Ganciclovir
Flashcard 262: Which type of HAART drug is Fosamprenavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 263: Guardasil HPV vaccine is what type of vaccine? _____
Answer: Subunit
Flashcard 264: Which NRTI is associated with dose-dependent pancreatitis?_____
Answer: Didanosine
Flashcard 265: Oseltamavir / zanamavir also prevent influenza by impairing viral penetration of _____ that overlie the respiratory epithelium
Answer: mucous secretions
Flashcard 266: Which class of HAART drugs compete with nucleotides for binding to HIV reverse transcriptase?_____
Answer: NRTIs
Flashcard 267: Zidovudine is associated with _____, which can result in anemia and granulocytopenia
Answer: myelosuppresion
Flashcard 268: Which HAART drug class commonly causes lipodystrophy?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Flashcard 269: Which HIV protease inhibitor can result in nephrolithiasis?_____
Answer: Indinavir
Flashcard 270: Which type of HAART drug is Maraviroc?_____
Answer: Fusion inhibitor (inhibitor at attachment) (class (subclass))
Flashcard 271: Which type of HAART drug is Saquinavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 272: Which type of vaccine is used for chickenpox?_____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Flashcard 273: Which type of HAART drug is Ritonavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 274: Which NRTI does not require phosphorylation to become active?_____
Answer: Tenofovir
Flashcard 275: Which type of vaccine has the potential to revert to a virulent form? _____
Answer: Live, attenuated vaccines
Flashcard 276: What type of vaccine is the yellow fever vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Flashcard 277: Which subtypes of HPV are covered by the current quadrivalent vaccine?_____
Answer: HPV6, 11, 16, 18
Flashcard 278: Which type of HAART drug is tenofovir (TDF)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 279: Protease inhibitors can result in hyperglycemia due to _____ resistance
Answer: insulin
Flashcard 280: What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine?_____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Flashcard 281: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are used as prophylaxis of CMV retinitis in the _____
Answer: immunocompromised
Flashcard 282: What type of vaccine is the rotavirus vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Flashcard 283: What type of vaccine is the rabies vaccine? _____
Answer: Inactivated/killed
Flashcard 284: Which type of HAART drug is Nevirapine?_____
Answer: NNRTI
Flashcard 285: Which type of HAART drug is Dolutegravir?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitor
Flashcard 286: Which type of HAART drug is didanosine (ddl)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 287: Acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir are all _____ analogs
Answer: guanosine
Flashcard 288: Which drug blocks tubular secretion of Cidofovir?_____
Answer: Probenecid
Flashcard 289: A major side effect of ribavirin is that it may cause _____
Answer: dose-dependent hemolytic anemia (10-20% of patients)
Flashcard 290: Ganciclovir must be _____ by intracellular enzymes to reach its activated nucleotide form
Answer: phosphorylated three times
Flashcard 291: _____ inhibitors inhibit the enzyme responsible for cleaving proteins during viral replication
Answer: Protease
Flashcard 292: Ganciclovir monophosphate is eventually converted to _____ by cellular kinases
Answer: ganciclovir triphosphate
Flashcard 293: What type of vaccine is the injected influenza vaccine? _____
Answer: Inactivated/killed
Flashcard 294: Which NRTI drug has been shown to reduce HIV transmission from pregnant mothers to their fetuses by 2/3?_____
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 295: Which hepatitis drug causes flu-like symptoms as a possible side effect? _____
Answer: Interferon alpha
Flashcard 296: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are associated with _____ suppression
Answer: bone marrow
Flashcard 297: In addition to hepatitis C, what other virus is ribavirin classically used to treat?_____
Answer: respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Flashcard 298: Which poliovirus vaccine is live, attenuated?_____
Answer: Sabin
Flashcard 299: Sofosbuvir and simeprevir are not used as monotherapies for HCV, but rather as part of a regimen including _____
Answer: ribavirin +/- pegylated-interferon alpha
Flashcard 300: Which NNRTI is associated with vivid dreams and CNS symptoms (psychosis, drowsiness, headache)?_____
Answer: Efavirenz
Flashcard 301: The backbone of Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are _____ such as Ziduvodine
Answer: NRTIs
Flashcard 302: Which HIV protease inhibitor displays the most potent inhibition of CYP450?_____
Answer: Ritonavir
Flashcard 303: Which allele is Abacavir hypersensitivity associated with?_____
Answer: HLA-B 57:01
Flashcard 304: Protease inhibitors can cause hyperlipidemia with _____ (increased central adiposity)
Answer: lipodystrophy
Flashcard 305: Zidovudine and Stavudine are associated with _____ (tissue pathology)
Answer: lipodystrophy
Flashcard 306: What type of vaccine is the HPV vaccine? _____
Answer: Subunit
Flashcard 307: NS3/NS4A protease inhibitors and NS5A inhibitors are under clinical investigation to develop HCV treatment regimens that do not require _____ administration
Answer: interferon/ribavirin
Flashcard 308: Which type of HAART drug is Delavirdine?_____
Answer: NNRTI
Flashcard 309: Pregnant patients with recurrent genital herpes should receive prophylactic _____
Answer: acyclovir
Flashcard 310: Which type of HAART drug is emtricitabine (FTC)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 311: HIV protease inhibitors _____ cytochrome P-450
Answer: inhibit
Flashcard 312: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are commonly used to treat _____
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 313: Foscarnet may induce _____ insufficiency (organ)
Answer: renal
Flashcard 314: PEGylation of interferons allows what pharmacological property to be extended?_____
Answer: Half Life
Flashcard 315: Lamivudine, tenofovir, and _____ can be used to treat HBV
Answer: IFN-alpha
Flashcard 316: Which strain(s) of influenza are treated with neuraminidase inhibitors (zanamivir, oseltamivir)?_____
Answer: Influenza A and B
Flashcard 317: Resistance in CMV to ganciclovir occurs with mutations in the _____ gene
Answer: UL97
Flashcard 318: NNRTIs have varying effects on _____ and thus may have many drug interactions
Answer: CYP450
Flashcard 319: Guardasil HPV vaccine protects against what strains of HPV? _____
Answer: 6, 11, 16, 18
Flashcard 320: _____, tenofovir, and IFN-alpha can be used to treat HBV
Answer: Lamivudine
Flashcard 321: Which DNA polymerase inhibiting pyrimidine analog is used to treathematologic malignancies only?_____
Answer: Cytarabine
Flashcard 322: Which anti-influenza drug increases dopamine synthesis/release and inhibits reuptake?_____
Answer: Amantadine
Flashcard 323: Palivizumab is a monoclonal antibody against the _____ of RSV
Answer: fusion (F) protein
Flashcard 324: Non-nucleoside RTIs (NNRTIs) directly inhibit _____ by binding to a different site from NRTIs
Answer: HIV reverse transcriptase
Flashcard 325: What is the method of administration of the sabin vaccine?_____
Answer: Orally
Flashcard 326: What is the rate-limiting step of Acyclovir activation?_____
Answer: Viral Thymidine-kinase phosphorylation to acyclovir monophosphate
Flashcard 327: Which HAART drugs can result in hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Flashcard 328: Which viral DNA-polymerase inhibitors do not require thymidine-kinase to become active?_____
Answer: Cidofovir, Foscarnet
Flashcard 329: Which NRTI is a nucleotide and not a nucleoside?_____
Answer: Tenofovir
Flashcard 330: Which acyclovir prodrug has improved oral bioavailability?_____
Answer: Valacyclovir
Flashcard 331: What vaccine is available for Rubella?_____
Answer: MMR (live, attenuated)
Flashcard 332: Which HAART drug binds to gp41?_____
Answer: Enfuvirtide
Flashcard 333: Which type of HAART drug is Enfuvirtide?_____
Answer: Fusion inhibitor (inhibitor at penetration)
Flashcard 334: Which viral enzyme monophosphorylates Acyclovir/Famciclovir/Valacyclovir, thereby activating it?_____
Answer: Thymidine kinase
Flashcard 335: What is the treatment for CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when Ganciclovir fails?_____
Answer: Foscarnet or Cidofovir
Flashcard 336: What is the treatment of serious HSV and VZV infections?_____
Answer: IV acyclovir
Flashcard 337: Chronic therapy of interferon alpha may result in _____, causing mood disorders (e.g. depression) and confusion
Answer: neurotoxicity
Flashcard 338: Which two anti-influenza drugs inhibit viral uncoating?_____
Answer: Amantadine and Rimantadine
Flashcard 339: Which anti-influenza drug can be used to treat Parkinson's disease?_____
Answer: Amantadine
Flashcard 340: During active Shingles infection (herpes zoster), valacyclovir and famciclovir are most effective if given within _____ of symptom onset
Answer: 3 days
Flashcard 341: Abacavir and the HLA-B 57:01 allele are associated with a _____
Answer: type IV HSR (delayed-type)
Flashcard 342: Absence of thymidine-kinase confers resistance to _____ in HSV
Answer: acyclovir
Flashcard 343: Which type of HAART drug is Lopinavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 344: What is the mechanism of resistance to Acyclovir/Famciclovir/Valacyclovir?_____
Answer: Mutated/Absent Thymidine Kinase
Flashcard 345: Suvorexant is contraindicated in patients taking strong _____ inhibitors
Answer: CYP3A4
Flashcard 346: Which NRTI is associated with Fanconi syndrome?_____
Answer: TenoFovir
Flashcard 347: What type of vaccine is the intranasal influenza vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Flashcard 348: Which antiviral can cause seizures due to electrolyte disturbances?_____
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 349: What type of vaccine is available for Yellow fever?_____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Flashcard 350: _____ -encoded thymidine-kinase phosphorylation is the rate determining activation step of Acyclovir
Answer: Virus
Flashcard 351: Which poliovirus vaccine is inactivated/killed?_____
Answer: Salk
Flashcard 352: Which HAART drugs prevent mature virion formation from large polypeptides?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Flashcard 353: Which NRTI is used during pregnancy and breastfeeding?_____
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 354: What is the method of administration of the salk vaccine?_____
Answer: Parenteral (injection)
Flashcard 355: Which type of HAART drug is Efavirenz?_____
Answer: NNRTI
Flashcard 356: What is the treatment for Acyclovir-resistant HSV?_____
Answer: Foscarnet or Cidofovir
Flashcard 357: Which type of HAART drug is Raltegravir?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitor
Flashcard 358: Which type of HAART drug is Atazanavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 359: What is the traditional standard treatment for hepatitis B? _____
Answer: Interferon alpha + lamivudine
Flashcard 360: Cidofovir is an antiviral drug that is _____-toxic
Answer: nephro
Flashcard 361: Adequate hydration helps prevent _____ with Indinavir use (protease inhibitor)
Answer: nephrolithiasis
Flashcard 362: Which strain(s) of influenza are treated with M2 channel blockers (rimantidine, amantadine)?_____
Answer: Influenza A
Flashcard 363: Which antiviral is used during solid-organ and bone marrow transplant?_____
Answer: Ganciclovir or Valganciclovir
Flashcard 364: Which influenza vaccine is injected intramuscularly?_____
Answer: Inactivated/Killed
Flashcard 365: Acyclovir monophosphate is eventually converted to _____ by cellular kinases
Answer: acyclovir triphosphate
Flashcard 366: What is the treatment of RSV (respiratory syncytial virus) in adults?_____
Answer: Ribavirin
Flashcard 367: Which NRTI may cause hyperpigmentation of palms and soles?_____
Answer: Emtricitabine
Flashcard 368: Which classes of drugs inhibit HIV RNA to dsDNA formation?_____
Answer: NRTIs and NNRTIs
Flashcard 369: Which drug is a pyrophosphate analog that directly inhibits viral DNA polymerase?_____
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 370: Lamivudine, _____, and IFN-alpha can be used to treat HBV
Answer: tenofovir
Flashcard 371: Which type of HAART drug is Indinavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 372: Ganciclovir and Valganciclovir are _____ analogs
Answer: guanosine
Flashcard 373: Which influenza vaccine is administered intranasally?_____
Answer: Live, attenuated
Flashcard 374: Which polio vaccine is an inactivated/killed vaccine? _____
Answer: Salk
Flashcard 375: Ribavirin is a _____ analog
Answer: guanosine nucleoside
Flashcard 376: Integrase inhibitors can result in rhabdomyolysis, which will appear with elevated _____ levels
Answer: creatine kinase
Flashcard 377: Which HAART drug binds to CCR5?_____
Answer: Maraviroc
Flashcard 378: Which class of drugs inhibits HIV DNA integration into host cell genomes?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitors
Flashcard 379: The myelosuppression of Ganciclovir may be additive in patients receiving _____ (NRTI therapy)
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 380: all-trans retinoic acid can be used to treat the _____ virus
Answer: measles
Flashcard 381: Which type of HAART drug is abacavir (ABC)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 382: Renal complications of acyclovir can be avoided with _____
Answer: adequate hydration
Flashcard 383: Which NRTI is associated with a hypersensitivity reaction in patients with the HLA-B 57:01 allele?_____
Answer: Abacavir
Flashcard 384: NRTIs are nucleosides or nucleotides that have an absent _____
Answer: 3' hydroxyl group
Flashcard 385: What is the treatment of choice for multiple yearly episodes of HSV recurrence?_____
Answer: Once daily oral valacyclovir
Flashcard 386: Which type of HAART drug is Darunavir?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitor
Flashcard 387: Which HAART drugs can result in rhabdomyolysis?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitors
Flashcard 388: Cidofovir (a CMV retinitis drug) is administered with probenecid and IV saline to _____
Answer: reduce nephrotoxicity
Flashcard 389: Which NRTI is used to reduce vertical transmission of HIV?_____
Answer: Zidovudine
Flashcard 390: Which CNS adverse effect is associated with Rituximab?_____
Answer: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Flashcard 391: _____ insert themselves into the DNA of the reverse transcriptase, halting further elongation
Answer: NRTIs (NRTIs or NNRTIs)
Flashcard 392: Which type of HAART drug is Elvitegravir?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitor
Flashcard 393: Which two NRTIs are used to treat hepatitis B? _____
Answer: lamivudine and tenofovir
Flashcard 394: Ganciclovir is converted to ganciclovir monophosphate by virus-encoded kinases via the _____ gene
Answer: UL-97
Flashcard 395: Amantadine inhibits dopamine _____
Answer: reuptake
Flashcard 396: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) consists of a minimum of _____ drugs to prevent resistance
Answer: 3
Flashcard 397: Which type of HAART drug is zidovudine (ZDV, formerly AZT)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 398: Resistance to Cidofovir and Foscarnet occurs with mutations to _____
Answer: viral DNA polymerase
Flashcard 399: NNRTIs are associated with _____ syndrome, a severe cutaneous pathology associated with the sloughing of skin
Answer: Stevens-Johnson
Flashcard 400: Acyclovir must be _____ by intracellular enzymes to reach its activated nucleotide form
Answer: phosphorylated three times
Flashcard 401: Which type of HAART drug is stavudine (d4T)?_____
Answer: NRTI
Flashcard 402: Which recombinant cytokine can be used to treat Kaposi sarcoma?_____
Answer: IFN-
Flashcard 403: Which hepatitis drug has myelosuppression as a possible side effect?_____
Answer: Interferon alpha
Flashcard 404: Which HAART drugs can result in hyperlipidemia?_____
Answer: Protease inhibitors
Flashcard 405: Mycophenolate mofetil use can result in increased risk for _____ due to immunosuppression
Answer: invasive CMV infection
Flashcard 406: Which antiviral can cause renal insufficiency and decreased serum Ca2+, Mg2+ and K+?_____
Answer: Foscarnet
Flashcard 407: IFN- and IFN-B can cause a _____ that can be symptomatically taken care of with ibuprofen
Answer: flu-like syndrome
Flashcard 408: Which class of HAART drugs inhibit HIV mRNA formation?_____
Answer: Integrase inhibitors
Flashcard 409: Which phase of the cell cycle does cladribine act at?_____
Answer: S phase
Flashcard 410: Do protease inhibitors require phosphorylation to be activated?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 411: Which anti-influenza agent is useful in the management of Parkinson disease? _____
Answer: Amantadine
Flashcard 412: Do NNRTIs require phosphorylation to be activated?_____
Answer: No
Flashcard 413: What is the MOA of Cidofovir?_____
Answer: Preferential direct inhibition of viral DNA polymerase
Flashcard 414: What type of vaccine is the MMR vaccine? _____
Answer: Live attenuated
Flashcard 415: Ganciclovir triphosphate then incorporates into viral DNA, inhibiting _____
Answer: viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Flashcard 416: NNRTIs are associated with _____, that can manifest as a more severe pathology such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Answer: rash
Flashcard 417: Which type of interferon is associated with drug-induced lupus?_____
Answer: Interferon alpha
Flashcard 418: Acyclovir triphosphate incorporates into replicating viral DNA, inhibiting _____
Answer: DNA-dependent DNA polymerase
Flashcard 419: What is the drug of choice for chickenpox? _______
Answer: Acyclovir
Keywords: Antivirals flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
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HIV protease inhibitors
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HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitors
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HIV integrase inhibitors
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HIV entry inhibitors
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Hepatitis B antivirals
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Hepatitis C direct-acting antivirals
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Influenza antivirals
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Herpesvirus antivirals
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Cytomegalovirus antivirals
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Respiratory syncytial virus therapies
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Broad-spectrum antivirals
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Antiretroviral resistance
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Antiviral prophylaxis strategies
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