Pulmonary — Flashcards

Flashcard 21: Pleural diseases (e.g. mesothelioma) and pleural effusions are both _____ restrictive lung diseases Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a(n) _____ restrictive lung disease

Answer: extrinsic

Flashcard 22: Heritable pulmonary hypertension can be due to _____ mutations of the BMPR2 gene

Answer: inactivating

Flashcard 23: _____ fibers in asbestos can penetrate the epithelium and enter the interstitium (more pathogenic than "serpentine" fibers)

Answer: Amphibole

Extra: * Amphiboles constitute the other family of asbestos materials and include crocidolite, amosite, anthophyllite, tremolite, and actinolite * Amphibole fibers are straighter, more brittle and more hydrophobic than chrysotile

Flashcard 24: Pathogenesis of asthma involves allergens inducing a TH_____ phenotype in CD4+ T cells of genetically susceptible individuals

Answer: 2

Flashcard 25: What type of pneumonia is characterized by acute inflammatory infiltrates from bronchioles into adjacent alveoli? _____

Answer: Bronchopneumonia

Flashcard 26: In atelectasis, the trachea may deviate _____ the side of the lesion

Answer: towards

Extra: Atlas:

Flashcard 27: Bronchiectasis is due to chronic _____ inflammation or obstruction which results in permanently dilated airways

Answer: necrotizing

Flashcard 28: Emphysema is characterized by the _____ of alveolar air sacs

Answer: destruction

Extra: * Centriacinar predominantly in the respiratory bronchioles, whereas panacinar is predominant in the alveolus + alveolar ducts

Flashcard 29: _____ is likely related to cyclical lung injury, with TGF-β from injured pneumocytes inducing increased collagen deposition and fibrosis

Answer: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Extra: IPF seen on PATHOLOGY may also be referred to as usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) - normally in lung injury, type I pneumocytes are destroyed, type II pneumocytes undergo hyperplasia to make cells that differentiate into and replace the type I, then remaining type II die - in IPF, chronic injury of type II pneumocytes leads to constant hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes (increased), which produce TGF-B that stimulates activity / proliferation of fibroblasts (increased); while type I pneumocytes die off (decrease) / are replaced by fibrotic tissue

Flashcard 30: _____ pneumonia is characterized by consolidation of an entire lobe or lung

Answer: Lobar