Thyroid neoplasms — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: The _____ variant of papillary thyroid cancer is characterized by cells whose height is at least twice their width.

Answer: Tall cell variant

Extra: Tall cell variant is a more aggressive subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma, often seen in older individuals and associated with higher rates of vascular invasion and extrathyroidal extension. The cells are characterized by abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a height that is at least twice (some sources say thrice) their width.

Flashcard 2: In addition to 'Orphan Annie eye' nuclei, thyroid papillary carcinoma may have cells with intranuclear _____ and inclusions

Answer: grooves

Flashcard 3: Which form of radiation is associated with the following types of cancer? - AML - CML - Papillary thyroid carcinoma

Answer: Ionizing radiation

Flashcard 4: _____ thyroid carcinoma is due to PAX8-PPAR mutations.

Answer: Follicular

Flashcard 5: _____ are pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors that are associated with psammoma bodies.

Answer: Somatostatinomas

Flashcard 6: What three genetic alterations are commonly associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma?

Answer: 1. BRAF mutations (V600E) 2. RET/PTC rearrangements 3. NTRK1 rearrangements

Flashcard 7: Thyroid _____ carcinoma is an undifferentiated malignant tumor of thyroid

Answer: anaplastic

Flashcard 8: Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is characterized by deposition of _____ within the tumor

Answer: Amyloid (derived from calcitonin)

Flashcard 9: Which tumor suppressor gene is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1?_____

Answer: MEN1

Flashcard 10: Visual field defect associated with Pituitary adenoma?

Answer: Bitemporal hemianopsia

Extra: Clinical presentation of pituitary adenoma (macroadenoma) occurs due to compression of the optic chiasm. Other symptoms include headache and hormone-specific effects (e.g., hyperprolactinemia).