Fetal heart rate abnormalities US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Fetal heart rate abnormalities with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Fetal heart rate abnormalities Flashcard Deck - 10 Cards
Flashcard 1: Placental _____ is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall (decidua) prior to delivery of fetus
Answer: abruption
Flashcard 2: Early hypertension during pregnancy (before 20 weeks) is associated with a _____
Answer: hydatidiform mole
Flashcard 3: Tocolytics are generally used to decrease contraction frequency in _____ labor
Answer: preterm
Flashcard 4: _____ is a complication of pregnancy that presents with a triad of membrane rupture, painless vaginal bleeding, and fetal bradycardia (< 110 beats/min)
Answer: Vasa previa
Flashcard 5: What are the most common clinical presentations and characteristics of uterine leiomyoma (fibroids)?
Answer: Asymptomatic (most common), Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), Pelvic pressure, and Miscarriage.
Extra: • Morphology: Well-demarcated, whorled smooth muscle bundles.
• Epidemiology: Most common in women aged 20-40, higher incidence in Black women.
• Prognosis: Does NOT progress to leiomyosarcoma (which arises de-novo).
• Growth: Estrogen-sensitive (increases in pregnancy, decreases in menopause).
Flashcard 6: Common causes/predisposing factors for Postpartum Endometritis?
Answer: Retained products of conception (RPOC) or foreign body in the uterus.
Extra: Postpartum endometritis is the most common cause of postpartum fever.
Risk Factors: Cesarean delivery (most significant), prolonged ROM, internal monitoring.
Treatment: Gentamicin + Clindamycin +/- Ampicillin.
Flashcard 7: placenta previa
Answer: placenta attaches near or over internal cervical os
Extra: painless vaginal bleeding during any trimester multiparity, prior C-section
Flashcard 8: What is the classic presentation and associated risk factors for abruptio placentae?
Answer: Painful bleeding in 3rd trimester + DIC risk factors (HTN, Cocaine, Smoking)
Extra: Abruptio placentae is the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall.
Key features:
- Presentation: Sudden-onset painful vaginal bleeding, uterine tenderness, and frequent contractions.
- Risk factors: HTN (most common), cocaine use, smoking, trauma, and prior abruption.
- Complications: DIC (due to release of tissue factor), hypovolemic shock, and fetal distress.
Flashcard 9: What is Mittelschmerz?
Answer: Mid-cycle pelvic pain associated with ovulation. It is caused by peritoneal irritation from follicular fluid or blood released during follicle rupture.
Extra: Typically occurs 14 days before the next menses. It can present with acute onset lower abdominal pain, often mimicking appendicitis if occurring on the right side. Management is usually reassuring/conservative.
Flashcard 10: Define true hermaphroditism (Ovotesticular DSD).
Answer: Presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual.
Extra: Also known as Ovotesticular Disorder of Sexual Development (DSD). Often presents with ambiguous genitalia. Karotype is most commonly 46,XX.
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