Principles of vaccination — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What type of vaccine is the HAV vaccine?_____

Answer: Inactivated/killed

Flashcard 2: Which type of immunization is acquired by exposure to foreign antigens? _____

Answer: Active immunization

Flashcard 3: Which type of immunization has a slow onset? _____

Answer: Active immunization

Flashcard 4: Natural infection is an example of _____ immunization

Answer: active

Flashcard 5: What vaccinations should be considered for patients without a spleen?

Answer: encapsulated organisms; specifically S. pneumoniae, H influenzae, N. meningitidis

Extra: Timing of vaccination: • Elective splenectomy: At least 14 days before surgery. • Emergency splenectomy: 14 days after surgery. Patients should also receive the annual Influenza vaccine to reduce the risk of secondary bacterial pneumonia.

Flashcard 6: Explain the rationale for "conjugated" vaccines.

Answer: When a vaccine is based on a polysaccharide capsule antigen, the polysaccharide must be attached to a protein in order to induce sufficient immune response.

Flashcard 7: Considering the relative antigenicity of exotoxins and endotoxins, which class can be used to generate vaccines?

Answer: exotoxins