Nematodes (roundworms) — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which helminth causes perianal itchiness?_____

Answer: Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

Flashcard 2: What are the two major species of human hookworms?

Answer: Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus

Extra: Necator americanus (New World hookworm) is endemic to the Americas (including the Southern US). Ancylostoma duodenale (Old World hookworm) is found in the Eastern Hemisphere (Europe, Middle East, North Africa). Both cause intestinal infection and iron deficiency anemia.

Flashcard 3: Which helminth can result in hyper and hypo-pigmented cutaneous spots?_____

Answer: Onchocerca volvulus

Flashcard 4: Which helminth has a mature form that emerges from painful skin ulcers?_____

Answer: Dracunculus medinensis

Flashcard 5: _____ is a helminth, treated with albendazole, that can result in biliary tree abnormalities

Answer: Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

Flashcard 6: Which helminth causes autoinfection via laying eggs in the intestinal wall?

Answer: Strongyloides stercoralis

Flashcard 7: Which helminth is also known as pinworm?_____

Answer: Enterobius vermicularis

Flashcard 8: What is the route of transmission of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)?_____

Answer: Fecal-oral

Flashcard 9: What are the classic clinical and diagnostic findings associated with Trichomonas vaginalis?

Answer: Strawberry cervix, foul-smelling greenish discharge, motile trophozoites on wet mount.

Extra: Diagnosis: Wet mount showing motile pear-shaped trophozoites. Treatment: Metronidazole (treat both partners). Transmission: Sexual.

Flashcard 10: What are the clinical findings and treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection?

Answer: Foul-smelling, greenish vaginal discharge; strawberry cervix; motile trophozoites on wet mount. Treatment: Metronidazole (patient & partner).

Extra: Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Key findings include: \n- Clinical: Malodorous, thin, frothy, green-yellow discharge; pruritus; dysuria. \n- Physical Exam: "Strawberry cervix" (cervical petechiae). \n- Diagnosis: High pH (>4.5), motile pear-shaped trophozoites on saline wet mount. \n- Rule: Always treat both the patient and sexual partner to prevent reinfection.