Aminoglycoside resistance — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: _____ is a beta-lactamase producing bacterium resistant to penicillin.

Answer: Staphylococcus aureus

Flashcard 2: Resistance to Colistin (Polymixin E) is encoded via the Mcr-1 gene which alters the structure of _____

Answer: Lipid A

Flashcard 3: In which phase of bacterial growth do antibiotics have their greatest effect?

Answer: Log phase (Exponential phase)

Extra: Antibiotics, especially cell wall synthesis inhibitors (e.g., beta-lactams), are most effective during the log phase because this is when bacteria are actively dividing and synthesizing new cell wall components.

Flashcard 4: Which gram-negative rod produces an exotoxin that ADP-ribosylates EF-2?_____

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Flashcard 5: What Gram staining group has porins in their cell wall?

Answer: Gram-negative (can downregulate porins in beta-lactam resistance)

Flashcard 6: What glial cell type serves as the CNS phagocyte?

Answer: microglia mnemonic: Microglia (e.g. Macrophages) develop from Mesoderm

Flashcard 7: Microglia derive from what embryologial predecessor?

Answer: mesoderm mnemonic: Microglia (e.g. Macrophages) develop from Mesoderm

Flashcard 8: Where do the genes for bacterial exotoxins reside?

Answer: plasmids or transferred by bacteriophages

Flashcard 9: What bacteria are particularly adept at transformation of environmental DNA?

Answer: S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae B, Neisseria mnemonic: SHiN

Flashcard 10: Give four processes by which bacteria may gain/lose/recombine DNA.

Answer: transformation, transposition, transduction, conjugation