Opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDS — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: HIV initially infects what cell type?_____

Answer: Macrophages

Flashcard 2: Which immune cell has the cell surface protein CXCR4? _____

Answer: T cells (late HIV infection)

Flashcard 3: Reactivation of CMV from mononuclear cells occurs via _____

Answer: immunosuppression (organ transplant, AIDS patients)

Flashcard 4: Which immune cell has the cell surface protein CCR5? _____

Answer: Macrophages (early HIV infection)

Flashcard 5: _____ is the outer glycoprotein of HIV

Answer: gp120

Flashcard 6: HIV later on infects what cell type?_____

Answer: CD4+ Helper T cells

Flashcard 7: Which viral gene in HIV codes for the p24 capsid protein?_____

Answer: gag

Flashcard 8: What is the causative agent and primary pathology of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS patients?

Answer: Causative agent: JC virus Pathology: Reactivation causing destruction of oligodendrocytes and CNS demyelination.

Extra: PML is a rapidly progressive, usually fatal disease. It occurs due to the reactivation of the JC virus (Polyomavirus) in immunocompromised states, specifically when CD4+ counts are low in AIDS patients. It involves multiple non-enhancing white matter lesions on MRI.

Flashcard 9: The _____ blot *used to be* the confirmatory test for HIV after a positive ELISA

Answer: Western

Extra:   https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: Which envelope protein on HIV binds the CD4 molecule and a chemokine receptor (CXCR4 or CCR5)? _____

Answer: gp120

Extra:    https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antivirals/acquire?ref=anki