Enterococci — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Which bacteria is associated with endocarditis, biliary tree infection, and UTI? _____

Answer: Enterococcus faecalis

Flashcard 2: What bug commonly causes early endocarditis of prosthetic heart valves?_____

Answer: Staphylococcus epidermidis

Flashcard 3: Enterococcus is pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) _____

Answer: positive

Flashcard 4: Patients who go under cystoscopy are especially at risk for infections caused by _____ species

Answer: enterococcus

Flashcard 5: Enterococcus spp. can become resistant to ampicillin due to _____ production

Answer: beta-lactamase

Flashcard 6: What is the Novobiocin sensitivity of Staphylococcus saprophyticus?_____

Answer: Resistant

Flashcard 7: Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is gram-_____

Answer: positive

Flashcard 8: Gas gangrene

Answer: Clostridium perfringens

Extra: alpha toxin causes myonecrosis and hemolysis

Flashcard 9: Gram stain status of Clostridium perfringens

Answer: Gram-positive (+)

Extra: Characteristics: - Morphology: Large, box-car shaped Gram-positive bacilli - Oxygen requirement: Anaerobe - Pathogenesis: Alpha toxin (lecithinase) - Clinical: Gas gangrene (myonecrosis), food poisoning

Flashcard 10: Characteristics of Clostridium botulinum:

Answer: Gram-positive bacilli, anaerobic, spore-forming

Extra: Clinical features: Botulism (descending paralysis), Floppy baby syndrome (infant botulism from honey). Toxin: Botulinum toxin (protease that cleaves SNARE proteins, preventing ACh release).