Gram-negative — Flashcards

Flashcard 41: What are the three general mechanisms of bacterial endotoxin action?

Answer: activate macrophages activate complement activate tissue factor

Flashcard 42: What is the most well-known bacterial endotoxin?

Answer: lipid A of LPS

Flashcard 43: cholera toxin

Answer: Vibrio cholerae

Extra: increases fluid secretionsoveractivates adenylate cyclase, increased Cl- secretionvoluminous "rice-water" diarrhea

Flashcard 44: heat-stable toxin (HLT)

Answer: enterotoxigenic E. coli

Extra: increases fluid secretionsoveractivates guanylate cyclase, decreased Cl- resorption mnemonic: labile in the Air, stable on the Ground watery diarrhea

Flashcard 45: heat-labile toxin (HLT)

Answer: enterotoxigenic E. coli

Extra: increases fluid secretionsoveractivates adenylate cyclase, increased Cl- secretion mnemonic: labile in the Air, stable on the Ground watery diarrhea

Flashcard 46: exotoxin A (P. aer)

Answer: Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Extra: protein synthesis inhibitorinactivates elongation factor 2 (EF-2)host cell death

Flashcard 47: Give some diseases caused by endotoxins.

Answer: meningococcemia, sepsis by G- rods

Flashcard 48: Whate are the modes of action of bacterial endotoxins?

Answer: induce TNF and IL-1

Flashcard 49: Whate are the clinical effects of bacterial endotoxins?

Answer: fever, shock

Flashcard 50: How can Legionella be visualized microscopically?

Answer: silver stain