Bacteria — Flashcards

Flashcard 781: Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila is associated with _____

Answer: confusion (head symptom)

Flashcard 782: Is innate immunity specific or nonspecific? _____

Answer: Non-specific

Flashcard 783: Which Clostridium difficile exotoxin results in depolymerization of actin leading to enterocyte death and necrosis?_____

Answer: Toxin B (cytotoxin)

Flashcard 784: The pili in _____ allow for antigenic variation

Answer: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (which bacteria)

Flashcard 785: Conjugation of normal bacteria involves transfer of _____ only

Answer: plasmids

Flashcard 786: _____ is the transfer of random DNA between bacteria using bacteriophages

Answer: Generalized transduction

Flashcard 787: Is *Leptospira interrogans* visible on Gram stain?

Answer: No

Extra: *Leptospira* (like most spirochetes) is too thin to be visualized by light microscopy or standard Gram staining. It is visualized using **dark-field microscopy** or **silver stains** (e.g., Warthin-Starry stain).

Flashcard 788: What is the etiology of Syphilis?_____

Answer: Treponema pallidum

Flashcard 789: Humoral immunity is used to defend against _____-cellular agents

Answer: extra

Flashcard 790: The flaccid paralysis in Clostridium botulinum is a _____ paralysis (ascending or descending)

Answer: descending