CKD etiology and pathophysiology — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Hypertensive _____ is defined as severe hypertension (>180 / >120 mmHg) with acute end-organ damage

Answer: emergency

Flashcard 2: How do levels of serum BUN change with kidney dysfunction? _____

Answer: Increased BUN

Flashcard 3: Uremia, a consequence of renal failure, may cause _____ dysfunction in the blood

Answer: platelet

Flashcard 4: What cardiac pathology is a consequence of uremia (renal failure)? _____

Answer: Pericarditis

Flashcard 5: Chronic renal disease is characterized by _____-calcemia

Answer: hypo

Flashcard 6: Which class of renal disorders may be treated with loop diuretics? _____

Answer: Nephrotic syndrome

Flashcard 7: Which renal tubular defect may be caused by Wilson disease? _____

Answer: Fanconi syndrome

Flashcard 8: Deficient enzyme and accumulated substrate in Fabry disease?

Answer: α-galactosidase A deficiency; accumulation of ceramide trihexoside.

Extra: Inheritance: X-linked recessive (XR) Triad of clinical features: 1. Peripheral neuropathy (episodic pain in hands/feet) 2. Angiokeratomas (reddish-purple skin rash) 3. Hypohidrosis (decreased sweating) Late complications: Renal failure, cardiovascular disease.

Flashcard 9: What are the clinical features and genetics associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: Clinical features: Flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, progressive renal failure. Associated with: Berry aneurysms, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Liver cysts. Genetics: Mutations in PKD1 (85%, chromosome 16) or PKD2 (15%, chromosome 4).

Extra: Morphology: Bilateral massive enlargement of kidneys with multiple cysts. Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant. PKD1 encodes Polycystin-1; PKD2 encodes Polycystin-2.