CKD complications management — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: What is the most common cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?_____

Answer: Chronic renal failure

Flashcard 2: What acid-base disorder is a consequence of renal failure? _____

Answer: Metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 3: IV regular insulin is useful in the management of _____ (K+ levels)

Answer: hyperkalemia

Flashcard 4: What potassium imbalance is a consequence of renal failure?_____

Answer: Hyperkalemia

Flashcard 5: In patients with hypertension and what comorbidity should ACE inhibitors / ARBs become first line?_____

Answer: Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus

Flashcard 6: Treatment for anemia of chronic disease involves addressing the _____

Answer: underlying cause

Flashcard 7: Deficient enzyme and accumulated substrate in Fabry disease?

Answer: α-galactosidase A deficiency; accumulation of ceramide trihexoside.

Extra: Inheritance: X-linked recessive (XR) Triad of clinical features: 1. Peripheral neuropathy (episodic pain in hands/feet) 2. Angiokeratomas (reddish-purple skin rash) 3. Hypohidrosis (decreased sweating) Late complications: Renal failure, cardiovascular disease.

Flashcard 8: What are the clinical features and genetics associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: Clinical features: Flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, progressive renal failure. Associated with: Berry aneurysms, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Liver cysts. Genetics: Mutations in PKD1 (85%, chromosome 16) or PKD2 (15%, chromosome 4).

Extra: Morphology: Bilateral massive enlargement of kidneys with multiple cysts. Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant. PKD1 encodes Polycystin-1; PKD2 encodes Polycystin-2.