Acute kidney injury — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: In prerenal azotemia, the BUN:creatinine ratio is _____ 15

Answer: >

Flashcard 2: What is the urine osmolality (mOsm/kg) in prerenal azotemia? _____

Answer: > 500 mOsm/kg (normal)

Flashcard 3: What is the fractional excretion of Na+ (FENa) in acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: > 2% (elevated)

Flashcard 4: What acid-base disorder is a consequence of renal failure? _____

Answer: Metabolic acidosis

Flashcard 5: Does the maintenance phase of acute tubular necrosis present with oliguria or polyuria? _____

Answer: Oliguria

Flashcard 6: IV regular insulin is useful in the management of _____ (K+ levels)

Answer: hyperkalemia

Flashcard 7: In long-standing postrenal azotemia, the BUN:creatinine ratio is _____ 15

Answer: <

Flashcard 8: What is the urine Na+ (mEq/L) in acute tubular necrosis? _____

Answer: > 40 mEq/L

Flashcard 9: Deficient enzyme and accumulated substrate in Fabry disease?

Answer: α-galactosidase A deficiency; accumulation of ceramide trihexoside.

Extra: Inheritance: X-linked recessive (XR) Triad of clinical features: 1. Peripheral neuropathy (episodic pain in hands/feet) 2. Angiokeratomas (reddish-purple skin rash) 3. Hypohidrosis (decreased sweating) Late complications: Renal failure, cardiovascular disease.

Flashcard 10: What are the clinical features and genetics associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)?

Answer: Clinical features: Flank pain, hematuria, hypertension, progressive renal failure. Associated with: Berry aneurysms, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Liver cysts. Genetics: Mutations in PKD1 (85%, chromosome 16) or PKD2 (15%, chromosome 4).

Extra: Morphology: Bilateral massive enlargement of kidneys with multiple cysts. Inheritance: Autosomal Dominant. PKD1 encodes Polycystin-1; PKD2 encodes Polycystin-2.