Infective endocarditis — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Staphylococcus epidermidis is known to infect prosthetic devices ex: _____

Answer: Prosthetic heart valves, prosthetic joints, and intravenous (IV) catheters

Flashcard 2: Penicillin V or G are treatments for Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) _____ (heart)

Answer: rheumatic fever

Flashcard 3: One symptom associated with bacterial endocarditis is _____, which are round, white spots on the retina surrounded by hemorrhage

Answer: Roth spots

Flashcard 4: Complications of chronic rheumatic heart disease include infectious _____

Answer: endocarditis

Flashcard 5: What type of heart valve does viridans streptococci infect? _____

Answer: Previously damaged valves (normal vs damaged)

Flashcard 6: Which valve is most commonly affected in **intravenous drug users** with *S. aureus* endocarditis? _____

Answer: Tricuspid valve

Flashcard 7: Which patient population is most classically associated with *Staphylococcus aureus* infective endocarditis?

Answer: Intravenous drug users (IVDU)

Extra: *S. aureus* is the most common cause of infective endocarditis (IE) overall, but it is the classic etiology for IE in **IV drug users**, where it frequently affects the **tricuspid valve**.

Flashcard 8: One symptom associated with bacterial endocarditis is _____, which occurs as blood flows over vegetations on the heart valve

Answer: murmur

Flashcard 9: Chest X-ray (CXR) findings in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)

Answer: Diffuse bilateral ground-glass opacities / interstitial infiltrates on CXR

Extra: - Common opportunistic infection in HIV (CD4 < 200). - Diagnosis: Silver stain (Methenamine silver) from BAL or induced sputum. - Treatment: High-dose TMP-SMX + Steroids (if PaO2 < 70 mmHg or A-a gradient > 35).

Flashcard 10: Extrapulmonary tuberculosis can affect the _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____.

Answer: CNS