Heart failure — Flashcards

Flashcard 11: The _____ stage of ATN is characterized by tubular re-epithelialization

Answer: recovery

Extra: * Results in gradual increase in urine output with high-volume diuresis, decreased concentrations of K, Mg, PO4, and Ca due to slowly recovering tubular function

Flashcard 12: Left heart failure causes decreased forward perfusion to the kidneys, resulting in activation of the _____ system

Answer: renin-angiotensin

Flashcard 13: What is the likely diagnosis in an African American woman who presents with Raynaud's phenomenon and signs of right-sided heart failure (RV heave, dyspnea, peripheral edema, hepatomegaly)? _____

Answer: Pulmonary arterial HTN secondary to systemic sclerosis

Flashcard 14: Systolic dysfunction as a result of dilated cardiomyopathy may lead to biventricular _____

Answer: congestive heart failure

Flashcard 15: Hypotension, clear lungs, and kussmaul sign are clinical findings _____ ventricular failure immediately after a myocardial infarction

Answer: right

Flashcard 16: _____ is the excess accumulation of fluid between lung pleural layers

Answer: Pleural effusion

Flashcard 17: Asthma classically presents with episodic cough, dyspnea, and _____ (lung sound)

Answer: wheezing

Extra: Asthma key points: - seen in younger pts, especially if there is a hx of allergies/eczema - wheezing, dyspnea, cough (remember, wheezing is simply the flow of air through a constricted airway) - PE: wheezing, prolonged expiratory phase - PE: hyperinflation & hyperresonance are ominous signs and signify greater airway constriction - PE: severe dyspnea (accessory muscle use and/or no lung sounds) = status asthmaticus = medical emergency - chronic vs. acute management has big difference.

Flashcard 18: _____ sign is increased jugular venous pressure on inspiration

Answer: Kussmaul

Flashcard 19: Cachexia is a syndrome of weight loss, muscle atrophy, and fatigue that occurs in _____ diseases

Answer: chronic

Flashcard 20: ARDS presents with bilateral _____

Answer: diffuse crackles