Heart failure — Flashcards

Flashcard 121: Edema and cyanosis = _____

Answer: chronic bronchitis

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/copd/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 122: Paget disease of the bone involves the skull in 40% of cases, which frequently leads to _____

Answer: impaired hearing

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Flashcard 123: ARDS = _____ PCWP

Answer: ↔

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Flashcard 124: Right-heart failure following implantable pacemaker / cardioverter-defibrillator placement = _____

Answer: tricuspid regurgitation

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Flashcard 125: Antibiotics should be given to patients with COPD exacerbation if they have an increase in ≥ 2 of the following cardinal symptoms: _____, sputum volume, or sputum purulence

Answer: dyspnea

Extra: The cardinal symptoms (Anthonisen criteria) for COPD exacerbation are: 1. Increased dyspnea 2. Increased sputum volume 3. Increased sputum purulence Antibiotics are indicated if 2/3 symptoms are present (provided purulence is one), or if all 3 are present, or if mechanical ventilation is required.

Flashcard 126: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a recent URI that presents with CHF, dilated ventricles with diffuse hypokinesia, and low ejection fraction on echocardiogram? _____

Answer: Dilated cardiomyopathy

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Flashcard 127: When a patient has a COPD exacerbation (↓SpO2 or ↑sputum/cough), treat with the following regimen: _____

Answer: Antibiotics (nebulized) Bronchodilators Corticosteroids (IV methylprednisolone) Oxygen

Flashcard 128: CHF and pleural effusion is managed with _____

Answer: trial of diuretics

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/pleural-effusion/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 129: Cheyne-Stokes respiration is associated with _____

Answer: heart failure or stroke

Extra: Cheyne-Stokes respiration involves oscillations in ventilation driven by a delayed feedback loop. In heart failure, this is often due to prolonged circulation time between the lungs and the brain's chemoreceptors. Contrast with **Biot respiration** (irregular, unpredictable pattern) which is typically seen in medullary injury.

Flashcard 130: What is the first-line therapy for urge incontinence? _____

Answer: Bladder training

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