Arrhythmias — Flashcards
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Scabies causes pruritis that is worse _____
Hint: during the day/at night
Adrenal insufficiency may cause _____ following a stressful event (e.g. surgery, infection), characterized by hypotensive shock, confusion, fever, and abdominal pain *bonus: next step in management?
Hint: complication
What disease is associated with this spinal cord lesion? _____
_____ incontinence is due to incomplete emptying, due to detrusor underactivity or outlet obstruction
What dermatologic lesion is a dry exudate? _____
What is the recommended primary prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) for HIV patients with CD4 count <50/mm? _____
Symptomatic treatment of _____ in MS patients may include TCAs and anticonvulsants
_____ cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden death in young athletes due to ventricular arrhythmia
What cause of osteomyelitis is more common in vertebrae? _____
What gender is more commonly affected by osteoarthritis? _____
Arrhythmias US Medical PG Flashcards - Medical Study Cards
Master Arrhythmias with OnCourse flashcards. These spaced repetition flashcards are designed for medical students preparing for NEET PG, USMLE Step 1, USMLE Step 2, MBBS exams, and other medical licensing examinations.
Arrhythmias Flashcard Deck - 543 Cards
Flashcard 1: Scabies causes pruritis that is worse _____
Answer: at night
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki super itchy at night with excoriations and crusted, red papules.
Flashcard 2: Adrenal insufficiency may cause _____ following a stressful event (e.g. surgery, infection), characterized by hypotensive shock, confusion, fever, and abdominal pain *bonus: next step in management?
Answer: adrenal crisis
Extra: * because cortisol is unable to maintain blood pressure Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 3: What disease is associated with this spinal cord lesion? _____
Answer: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Extra: Watch Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) & Friedreich Ataxia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-spinal-cord-and-peripheral-nerve-spinal-muscular-atrophy-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis-als-and-friedreich-ataxia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neuroscience/spinal-cord-lesions/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 4: _____ incontinence is due to incomplete emptying, due to detrusor underactivity or outlet obstruction
Answer: Overflow
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki Overflow = think of things that stop outflow and cause overflow Often 2/2 neural trauma (trauma, MS)
Flashcard 5: What dermatologic lesion is a dry exudate? _____
Answer: Crust
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/general-principles?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 6: What is the recommended primary prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) for HIV patients with CD4 count <50/mm? _____
Answer: None :)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 7: Symptomatic treatment of _____ in MS patients may include TCAs and anticonvulsants
Answer: pain
Extra: Watch Multiple Sclerosis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-spinal-cord-and-peripheral-nerve-multiple-sclerosis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 8: _____ cardiomyopathy is associated with sudden death in young athletes due to ventricular arrhythmia
Answer: Hypertrophic
Extra: Watch Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-myocardial-and-pericardial-disorders-hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/cardiomyopathy?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/valvular-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 9: What cause of osteomyelitis is more common in vertebrae? _____
Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott disease)
Extra: From microbiology section: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 10: What gender is more commonly affected by osteoarthritis? _____
Answer: Females
Extra: Watch Osteoarthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-osteoarthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/seronegative-arthritis/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 11: _____ is a CNS protozoal infection that presents with brain abscesses in HIV patients; seen as ring-enhancing brain lesions on CT/MRI
Answer: Toxoplasmosis
Extra: Watch Toxoplasma gondii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-toxoplasma-gondii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 12: Hypoparathyroidism may be caused by _____ to the head and neck
Answer: radiation
Extra: * Radiation microwave: head and neck radiation can cause HYPOparathyroidism Watch Parathyroid Gland Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-parathyroid-gland-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 13: Addison disease is most commonly caused by _____ of all three zones of the adrenal cortex, which causes acute adrenal crisis
Answer: autoimmune destruction
Extra: Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-adrenal-insufficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 14: Mild global cerebral ischemia may occur with repeat episodes of _____
Answer: hypoglycemia (e.g. insulinoma)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/ischemic-cerebrovascular-accidents?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 15: Zika virus can cause fever, rash and _____ in 20% of cases
Answer: conjunctivitis
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 16: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy presents with _____ ICP
Answer: normal
Extra: Watch JC polyomavirus, BK polyomavirus (Polyomaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-jc-polyomavirus-bk-polyomavirus-polyomaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 17: Osteoporosis is characterized by _____ serum PTH
Answer: normal
Extra: Watch Osteoporosis & Paget Disease of Bone [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-bone-osteoporosis-and-paget-disease-of-bone?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 18: McArdle disease is associated with _____ from electrolyte abnormalities
Answer: arrhythmia
Extra: Watch Glycogen Storage Diseases [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-biochemistry/units/medical-biochemistry-metabolism/videos/medical-biochemistry-metabolism-carbohydrates-glycogen-storage-diseases?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism/glycogen-storage-diseases/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 19: Lack of B-cells, antibodies, or complement can result in recurrent _____ bacterial infections
Answer: encapsulated
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/immunology/videos/antibodies?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 20: _____, most commonly of the _____ is a musculoskeletal complication of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection
Answer: Septic Arthritis
Extra: Watch Neisseria gonorrhoeae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-cocci-neisseria-gonorrhoeae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 21: What is the most common cause of death in multiple myeloma? _____
Answer: Infection
Extra: Watch Plasma Cell Neoplasms [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-plasma-cell-neoplasms?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/plasma-cell-dyscrasias-and-myeloproliferative-disease?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/plasma-cell/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 22: Sudden cardiac death is most commonly due to a lethal _____
Answer: arrhythmia (e.g. ventricular fibrillation)
Extra: Watch Acute Myocardial Infarction & Post MI Timeline [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac/videos/medical-pathophysiology-cardiac-ischemic-heart-disease-acute-myocardial-infarction-and-post-mi-timeline?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/myocardial-infarction?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac?ref=anki
Flashcard 23: Common etiologies of Toxic shock syndrome? _____
Answer: Leaving gauze, sutures, or tampons in for too long
Extra: Watch Staph aureus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-cocci-staphylococcus-aureus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 24: Parkinson disease is a common disorder related to _____ (risk factor)
Answer: aging
Extra: Watch Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease, Parkinsons Disease & Huntingtons Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-creutzfeldt-jakob-disease-parkinsons-disease-and-huntingtons-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 25: What affect does splenic sequestration crisis have on reticulocyte count? _____
Answer: Increased (reticulocytosis)
Extra: * High in splenic sequestration due to bone marrow attempting to compensate * Low in aplastic crisis due to low Hg production Watch Sickle Cell Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-sickle-cell-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/sickle-cell-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 26: _____ degree AV block is characterized by independent beating of the atria and ventricles (P waves and QRS complexes are not rhythmically associated)
Answer: 3rd
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 27: Does subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain) present with a tender or nontender thyroid? _____
Answer: **Very tender**
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Other Causes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-other-causes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 28: _____ refers to a decreased number of circulating neutrophils
Answer: Neutropenia
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/blood-cells?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 29: The symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus improve with _____
Answer: lumbar puncture
Extra: Watch Hydrocephalus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-hydrocephalus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/cerebellum-and-ventricles?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 30: Which thyroid imbalance presents with proximal muscle weakness and increased creatine kinase? _____
Answer: Hypothyroidism
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 31: Which bacteria is associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome? _____
Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 32: What is the serum level of phosphate in primary hyperparathyroidism? _____
Answer: Decreased (hypophosphatemia)
Extra: * Raised Calci-yum ice cream scoop held by professor (sketchy mislabeled) Watch Parathyroid Gland Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-parathyroid-gland-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 33: What may precipitate after longstanding severe hypothyroidism OR an acute stressor? _____
Answer: Myxedema coma
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 34: Which immunodeficiency is associated with peripheral neuropathy and progressive neurodegeneration? _____
Answer: Chédiak-Higashi syndrome
Extra: Watch Phagocytic Cell Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-phagocytic-cell-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 35: Atrial fibrillation can lead to thromboembolic events, particularly _____ (brain complication)
Answer: stroke
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology/stroke/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 36: Empty sella syndrome occurs due to atrophy or compression, and ultimately destruction of the _____ gland
Answer: pituitary
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Etiologies [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-etiologies?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 37: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is often seen in _____ and those exposed to birds
Answer: farmers
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/restrictive-lung-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonology/dpld/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 38: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: 1st degree AV block
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 39: Pain after the rash of Herpes Zoster (shingles) has cleared is known as _____
Answer: post-herpetic neuralgia
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 40: Mixed connective tissue disease commonly affects _____ with shared features of SLE, systemic scelerosis, and polymyositis
Answer: adult women
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 41: _____ is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on ECG
Answer: Torsades de pointes
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/ventricular-arrhythmias?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 42: What demographic of people are at risk for Tinea (ringworm) infections? _____
Answer: Athletes
Extra: Watch Epidermophyton spp., Trichophyton spp., Microsporum spp. (dermatophytes) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-cutaneous-mycoses-epidermophyton-spp-trichophyton-spp-microsporum-spp-dermatophytes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 43: Risk factors for acute myeloid leukemia include prior exposure to _____ chemotherapy and radiation
Answer: alkylating
Extra: Watch Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) & Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-myeloid-disorders-acute-myeloid-leukemia-aml-and-chronic-myeloid-leukemia-cml?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 44: What is the level of TSH in a patient with Graves disease? _____
Answer: Decreased
Extra: Watch Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hyperthyroidism-overview-and-graves-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 45: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism presents with _____ testosterone/estrogen and _____ LH & FSH
Answer: decreased
Extra: * manifesting as impotence and infertility Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 46: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia usually presents _____ easy bruising/bleeding, fatigue and fever
Answer: with
Extra: * bleeding/bruising due to thrombocytopenia, fatigue due to anemia, & fever due to neutropenia Watch Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T cell Leukemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll-hairy-cell-leukemia-and-adult-t-cell-leukemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 47: Which immunodeficiency may present after administration of the BCG vaccine? _____
Answer: IL-12 receptor deficiency
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/vaccinations/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 48: In red blood cells, lack of ATP impairs membrane integrity due to lack of cation transport, causing a(n) _____ anemia
Answer: extravascular hemolytic
Extra: Watch Extravascular Hemolysis Overview & RBC Membrane Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-extravascular-hemolysis-overview-and-rbc-membrane-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 49: Which of the following is associated with hypothyroidism as a predisposing condition? _____
Answer: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/orthopedics/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 50: Laron syndrome, or dwarfism, is characterized by _____ GH and _____ IGF-1
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 51: Which infectious skin disorder is a superficial bacterial skin infection characterized by painful, non-itchy pustules and honey-colored crusting? _____
Answer: Impetigo
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 52: Which infectious skin disorder presents with sloughing of skin with erythematous rash and fever? _____
Answer: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 53: Focal with no impairment of awareness seizures are characterized by _____ consciousness
Answer: intact
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 54: Cardiac symptoms of Corynebacterium diphtheriae infection include _____, arrhythmia, and heart block
Answer: myocarditis
Extra: Watch Corynebacterium diphtheriae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-positive-bacilli-corynebacterium-diphtheriae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 55: Patients with _____ can present with rhinocerebral and frontal lobe abscesses
Answer: Mucormycosis
Extra: Watch Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. (mucormycetes) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-mucor-spp-rhizopus-spp-mucormycetes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 56: What is the treatment of West nile virus? _____
Answer: Supportive
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 57: The characteristics of SLE may be remembered with the mnemonic "RASH OR PAIN": R: _____ A: Arthritis (usually involving > 2 joints) S: Serositis (pleuritis and pericarditis) H: Hematologic disorders (e.g. cytopenias) O: Oral or nasopharyngeal ulcers (usually painless) R: Renal disease P: Photosensitivity A: Antinuclear antibodies I: Immunologic disorder (anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, antiphospholipid) N: Neurologic disorder (seizures, psychosis)
Answer: Rash (malar or discoid)
Extra: Watch Autoimmune Disease Overview & Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-autoimmune-disease-overview-and-systemic-lupus-erythematosus-sle?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/pericardial-disease/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 58: Treatment of aplastic anemia involves _____ of RBCs and platelets
Answer: transfusions
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 59: _____ syndrome is the most common type of ventricular pre-excitation syndrome
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/ventricular-arrhythmias?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 60: Hyper-kalemia induced arrhythmias may present on ECG with _____ T waves and a(n) _____ QT interval
Answer: peaked
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Cardiovascular (Antiarrhythmics) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 61: _____ conjunctivitis is characterized by pus
Answer: Bacterial
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 62: In addition to hematuria, renal papillary necrosis may also present with _____-uria
Answer: protein
Extra: Watch Tubulointerstitial Nephritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-tubulointerstitial-nephritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki Goljan:
Flashcard 63: 3rd degree AV block can be caused by _____ disease
Answer: Lyme
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki can occur weeks after
Flashcard 64: Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia is treated with _____ as it does not respond to antibiotics
Answer: steroids
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/restrictive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 65: Which stage of Bordetella pertussis infection is characterized by gradual recovery? _____
Answer: Convalescent
Extra: Watch Bordetella pertussis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-bordetella-pertussis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 66: _____ are a result of HSV infection and appear as a "target lesion" with a pink-red ring around a pale center
Answer: Erythema multiforme
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/dermatology/hypersensitivity/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 67: _____ is an opportunistic fungal infection that presents with headache, facial pain, and a black necrotic eschar on the face
Answer: Mucormycosis
Extra: Watch Mucor spp., Rhizopus spp. (mucormycetes) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-mucor-spp-rhizopus-spp-mucormycetes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 68: The prodrome (onset) of HIV consists of flu or _____-like symptoms with cervical lymphadenopathy and fever
Answer: mono
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 69: _____ incontinence is characterized by leakage with the need to void immediately
Answer: Urgency
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/urinary-incontinence?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/gynecology/urinary-incontinence/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 70: Atrial flutter typically has a 4:1 "_____" pattern appearance on ECG
Answer: sawtooth
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 71: Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain) may initially present with _____, which typically is followed by a brief _____ state
Answer: hyperthyroidism
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Other Causes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-other-causes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 72: Is the Herpes Zoster (shingles) rash painful? _____
Answer: Extremely!
Extra: Watch Varicella zoster virus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-varicella-zoster-virus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 73: Which thyroid disorder causes hyperexcitability, hyperreflexia, and irritability in adulthood? _____
Answer: Hyperthyroidism
Extra: Watch Hyperthyroidism Overview & Graves Disease [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hyperthyroidism-overview-and-graves-disease?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 74: Holiday Heart Syndrome describes the precipitation of _____ after excessive alcohol consumption
Answer: atrial fibrillation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 75: What initial tests should be performed in a patient with suspected adrenal insufficiency? 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____
Answer: Morning serum cortisol
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 76: While lightning injuries are rare, the most common cause of death is a(n) _____
Answer: arrhythmia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 77: Compression of the _____ nerve (e.g. vertebral disc herniation), results in an absent ankle reflex
Answer: S1
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/radiculopathy?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/neurology?ref=anki
Flashcard 78: Sideroblastic anemia may be caused by vitamin _____ deficiency
Answer: B6
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/microcytic-anemia?index=12] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 79: Cladribine is primarily indicated for _____ Leukemia
Answer: Hairy Cell
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 80: B-ALL has a(n) _____ response to chemotherapy
Answer: excellent
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 81: _____ (anti-Mi-2) autoantibodies are associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Answer: Anti-helicase
Extra: Watch Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 82: Type 4 renal tubular acidosis is associated with _____-kalemia
Answer: hyper
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Renal (Diuretics) Watch K+ sparing diuretics [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-renal/videos/medical-pharmacology-cardiovascular-and-renal-diuretics-k-sparing-diuretics?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/acid-base-physiology?index=18] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 83: Acromegaly is characterized by a large _____ with deep furrows and a deep voice
Answer: tongue
Extra: Watch Hyperpituitarism [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hyperpituitarism?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=24] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 84: Focal with impairment of awareness* seizures are characterized by _____ consciousness
Answer: impaired
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/seizures?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 85: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presents with a(n) _____ QRS complex and _____ PR interval on ECG
Answer: widened
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/ventricular-arrhythmias?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 86: Physical activity / exercise, inadequate food intake, excessive insulin dose can precipitate _____glycemia in patients with insulin treated diabetes
Answer: hypo
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology?ref=anki
Flashcard 87: What is the most common cause of bronchiectasis worldwide? _____
Answer: Tuberculosis
Extra: * CF MCC in the U.S. Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 88: Frontotemporal dementia may have associated _____ disorders
Answer: movement
Extra: Watch Alzheimer Disease & Dementia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-alzheimer-disease-and-dementia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/dementia?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 89: IV regular insulin is useful in management of _____ (T1DM complication)
Answer: diabetic ketoacidosis
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Endocrine (diabetes) * Watch K+ levels because you risk inducing a hypokalemia via insulins action on Na/K-ATPase Watch Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) & Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetic-ketoacidosis-dka-and-hyperosmolar-hyperglycemic-state-hhs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Insulin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, GLP 1 agonists, DPP 4 inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-diabetes-insulin-sulfonylureas-meglitinides-glp-1-agonists-dpp-4-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/surgery-general/pancreas/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 90: Central hypothyroidism presents with _____ free T4 levels and _____ serum TSH
Answer: decreased
Extra: *Central hypothyroidism includes secondary and tertiary causes (due knocked out anterior pituitary or hypothalamus, respectively) Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Alzheimer Disease & Dementia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-neurodegenerative-alzheimer-disease-and-dementia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 91: Hypoparathyroidism is most commonly a result of _____, or less commonly may be autoimmune or congenital
Answer: thyroid surgery
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 92: What is the definitive treatment for atrial flutter? _____
Answer: Catheter ablation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 93: What is the most common leukodystrophy? _____
Answer: Metachromatic leukodystrophy
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/demyelinating-disease?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/metabolism?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 94: Hantavirus can result in _____ fever with renal syndrome
Answer: hemorrhagic
Extra: Watch Hantavirus, California encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus (Bunyaviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-negative-sense-hantavirus-california-encephalitis-virus-rift-valley-fever-virus-bunyaviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 95: _____ and allopurinol are used prior to initiation of chemotherapy to decrease risk of urate-induced acute tubular necrosis
Answer: Hydration
Extra: Watch Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-acute-kidney-injury-acute-tubular-necrosis-atn?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/acute-kidney-injury/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 96: Legionnaires' disease caused by Legionella pneumophila is associated with _____
Answer: confusion
Extra: Watch Legionella pneumophila [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-respiratory-tract-legionella-pneumophila?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 97: _____ can lead to muscle weakness, decreased deep tendon reflexes, and ascending paralysis (severe cases)
Answer: Hypokalemia or Hyperkalemia
Extra: Watch Potassium Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-volume-electrolyte-and-acidbase-disorders-potassium-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/electrolytes?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 98: When should you start prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jirovecii? _____
Answer: CD4+ count < 200
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 99: Isoniazid can be given as a monotherapy for tuberculosis ONLY when there is a(n) _____ PPD and a(n) _____ chest x-ray
Answer: positive
Extra: Watch Tuberculosis Drugs [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials/videos/medical-pharmacology-antimicrobials-antimycobacterials-tuberculosis-drugs?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/antimycobacterials/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 100: Patient suspected of having GAS pharyngitis given amoxicillin/ampicillin, and develops rash. This is most likely due to? _____
Answer: Patient is infected with EBV (infectious mono), not Strep
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 101: Naegleria fowleri can result in primary amoebic _____
Answer: meningoencephalitis
Extra: Watch Naegleria fowleri [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-parasites/videos/medical-microbiology-parasites-protozoa-of-the-cns-naegleria-fowleri?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/protozoa/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 102: Which infection is a risk factor for mixed cellularity Hodgkin lymphoma, particularly in the setting of EBV co-infection? _____
Answer: HIV
Extra: * EBV is strongly associated w/ Mixed Cellularity Hodgkin Lymphoma Watch Hodgkin Lymphoma [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-hodgkin-lymphoma?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 103: LDH can be used as an indicator of tumor _____
Answer: burden
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 104: 2nd degree Mobitz type II AV block is often treated with a(n) _____
Answer: pacemaker
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki First Degree, Second Degree Type 1: intranodal (at the AV node) - slowing of conduction, benign Second Degree Type 2/Third Degree: infranodal (below AV node) - no elongation of PR interval, just a sudden drop due to failure of His/Purkinje - more dangerous because backup pacemakers are slower
Flashcard 105: _____ conjunctivitis is the most common type of conjunctivitis
Answer: Viral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/ophthalmology/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 106: Does rheumatoid arthritis present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? _____
Answer: Symmetric
Extra: Watch Rheumatoid Arthritis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-rheumatoid-arthritis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/rheumatoid-arthritis/acquire?ref=anki contrast with osteoarthritis (asymmetric) systemic autoimmune issue, both affected Atlas:
Flashcard 107: EBV is associated with _____, especially in AIDS patients
Answer: CNS lymphoma
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 108: The _____ test uses edrophonium to help diagnose myasthenia gravis
Answer: tensilon
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Autonomics * positive test (muscle weakness improves with edrophonium administration) suggests myasthenia gravis Watch Myasthenia Gravis & Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-muscle-myasthenia-gravis-and-lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs/videos/medical-pharmacology-autonomic-drugs-parasympathetic-acetylcholinesterase-inhibitors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/neurology/videos/neuromuscular-junction-nmj?index=6] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 109: What is the most common type of Dengue fever? _____
Answer: Type 2
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 110: Brugada syndrome presents with an ECG pattern of _____ and ST elevations in leads V1 - V3
Answer: pseudo-right bundle branch block
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Cardiac%20Conductive%20Physiology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 111: Destroyed muscle cells in Rhabdomyolysis release large amounts of _____, causing arrhythmias
Answer: potassium
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 112: Normocytic anemia due to peripheral destruction is further divided into _____ and _____ hemolysis
Answer: extravascular
Extra: Watch Extravascular Hemolysis Overview & RBC Membrane Defects [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-extravascular-hemolysis-overview-and-rbc-membrane-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Intravascular Hemolysis Overiew & Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (PNH) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-blood-coagulation/videos/medical-pathophysiology-blood-and-coagulation-normocytic-and-macrocytic-anemias-extravascular-hemolysis-overview-and-rbc-membrane-defects?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/normocytic-anemia?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/normocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 113: Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration is a paraneoplastic syndrome associated with antibodies against antigens in _____
Answer: purkinje cells
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/lung-cancer?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 114: _____ lymphoma typically presents as a single, solid brain lesion on MRI
Answer: Primary CNS
Extra: Watch Adult CNS Tumors [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-neuro/videos/medical-pathophysiology-neuro-intracranial-hypertension-and-tumors-adult-cns-tumors?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki Atlas: Other:
Flashcard 115: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: 2nd degree AV block, Mobitz type II
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki PR interval is constant; QRS suddenly drops
Flashcard 116: Rhinosinusitis is most commonly caused by a(n) _____ upper respiratory infection (URI)
Answer: viral
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 117: "Leonine facies" are characteristic of _____
Answer: Lepromatous leprosy (Mycobacteria leprae)
Extra: Watch Leprae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-mycobacteria-mycobacterium-leprae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 118: Immunodeficiencies with decreased B cells are susceptible to infection by _____ bacteria
Answer: encapsulated
Extra: Watch B Cell Disorders & DiGeorge Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-b-cell-disorders-and-digeorge-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 119: What is the effect of chronic renal failure on serum phosphate levels? _____
Answer: Increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal-failure?ref=anki
Flashcard 120: What clinical features are seen in 21β-hydroxylase deficiency that are a result of increased androgen levels in females? _____
Answer: Masculinization (clitoral enlargement, early appearance of pubic/axillary hair)
Extra: seen in 11-hydroxylase deficiency, as well, due to hyperandrogenism Watch Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-congenital-adrenal-hyperplasia-cah?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 121: Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis has a(n) _____ course that occurs over a period of one to two weeks. The most common symptoms are fever, malaise, and _____
Answer: indolent
Extra: Watch Cryptococcus neoformans [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-cryptococcus-neoformans?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 122: The clinical latency period of HIV infection can last _____ years
Answer: 10
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 123: The most common risk factors for atrial fibrillation include _____ and coronary artery disease (CAD)
Answer: hypertension
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 124: Chronic _____ disease can cause a secondary hyperparathyroidism syndrome known as _____, which is characterized by bone lesions due to increased bone resorption (from elevated PTH)
Answer: renal
Extra: Watch Parathyroid Gland Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-parathyroid-gland-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/nephrology/calcium/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 125: A non-specific symptom of pituitary adenoma is _____ (due to mass effect)
Answer: headache
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Etiologies [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-etiologies?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=24] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 126: Staphycoccal scalded skin syndrome is seen in newborns and children, as well as adults with _____ insufficiency
Answer: renal
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/infectious-diseases-of-the-skin?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/skin-infections/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 127: Aspergillomas are associated with _____ or Klebsiella, as both pathologies have pre-existing cavities within the lungs
Answer: Tuberculosis
Extra: Watch Aspergillus fumigatus [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-fungi/videos/medical-microbiology-fungi-opportunistic-fungal-infections-aspergillus-fumigatus?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/fungi/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 128: What is the likely outcome in most cases of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis? _____
Answer: Complete recovery (return to euthyroid state)
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Other Causes [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-other-causes?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 129: _____ is a disorder of recurrent seizures (non-febrile)
Answer: Epilepsy
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/seizures/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 130: The most common cause of Addison disease in the developing world is _____
Answer: tuberculosis
Extra: Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-adrenal-insufficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 131: Vitamin B9 (folate) deficiency is characterized by _____ polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs)
Answer: hypersegmented
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/gastroenterology/videos/physiology?index=16] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/macrocytic-anemia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 132: Vagal maneuvers can be used to acutely terminate which arrhythmia? _____
Answer: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki Carotid sinus massage is a vagal maneuver that can terminate PSVT by transiently slowing sinoatrial nodal activity and the atrioventricular node - NOT used in afib!
Flashcard 133: Job (hyper-IgE) syndrome is characterized by _____ eosinophils
Answer: increased
Extra: Watch Phagocytic Cell Disorders [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-immunodeficiency-phagocytic-cell-disorders?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pediatrics/immunodeficiency/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 134: What is the treatment of Dengue fever? _____
Answer: Supportive (no treatment at this time)*
Extra: Watch Flaviviridae overview [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-rna-viruses-positive-sense-flaviviridae-overview?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 135: The U wave on ECG is prominent in _____ and bradycardia
Answer: hypokalemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal?ref=anki
Flashcard 136: What is the diagnostic test used to confirm suspected primary adrenal insufficiency? _____
Answer: Cosyntropin or ACTH stimulation test
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 137: AIDS patients are at risk for CMV infections when their CD4 count is _____
Answer: < 50
Extra: Watch Cytomegalovirus (Herpesviridae) [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-viruses/videos/medical-microbiology-viruses-dna-viruses-cytomegalovirus-herpesviridae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 138: Infertility due to testicular involvement is characteristic of _____ leprosy
Answer: Lepromatous
Extra: Watch Leprae [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-mycobacteria-mycobacterium-leprae?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 139: What symptoms does primary TB typically present with? _____
Answer: Generally asymptomatic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/pneumonia/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 140: Nasal polyps are associated with _____ in adults
Answer: aspirin-induced asthma
Extra: Watch Asthma & Bronchiectasis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary/videos/medical-pathophysiology-pulmonary-obstructive-lung-disease-asthma-and-bronchiectasis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/pulmonology/videos/obstructive-lung-disease?index=4] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/pulmonary/obstructive-lung-disease/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 141: What type of disease prevention is screening for disease (individual or community)? _____
Answer: Secondary
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 142: What opening pressure (lumbar puncture) is associated with fungal/TB meningitis? _____
Answer: Increased pressure
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 143: Patients with Brugada syndrome are at increased risk of ventricular _____ and sudden cardiac death (SCD)
Answer: tachyarrhythmias
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/Cardiac%20Conductive%20Physiology?index=8] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 144: Rickettsia prowazekii may result in _____ and _____ pain
Answer: muscle
Extra: Watch Rickettsia prowazekii [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-indeterminate-bacteria-rickettsia-prowazekii?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 145: Psoriasis typically presents on _____ surfaces and the scalp
Answer: extensor
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/dermatology/videos/inflammatory-diseases-of-the-skin?index=10] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/musculoskeletal/inflammatory-dermatoses/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 146: The most common cause of hypothyroidism in iodine replete countries is _____
Answer: autoimmune or Hashimoto thyroiditis
Extra: Watch Hypothyroidism Overview & Hashimotos Thyroiditis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-thyroid-and-parathyroid-hypothyroidism-overview-and-hashimotos-thyroiditis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/histology/videos/endocrine-system?index=14] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 147: Chronic leukemia is usually insidious in onset and seen in _____
Answer: older adults
Extra: Watch Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), Hairy Cell Leukemia & Adult T cell Leukemia [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-lymphoid/videos/medical-pathophysiology-myeloid-and-lymphoid-lymphoid-and-plasma-cell-disorders-acute-lymphoblastic-leukemia-all-chronic-lymphocytic-leukemia-cll-hairy-cell-leukemia-and-adult-t-cell-leukemia?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/hematology-and-oncology/videos/leukemias-and-lymphomas?index=5] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/leukemia/acquire?ref=anki Other:
Flashcard 148: Abrupt withdrawal of glucocorticoids may cause _____ adrenal insufficiency
Answer: tertiary
Extra: Sketchy Pharmacology: Thyroid, Pituitary, & Adrenal Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-adrenal-insufficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Glucocorticoids [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pharmacology/units/medical-pharmacology-gi-endocrine/videos/medical-pharmacology-gi-and-endocrine-thyroid-parathyroid-and-adrenal-glucocorticoids?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 149: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: 2nd degree AV block, Mobitz type I (Wenckebach)
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 150: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: 3rd degree AV block
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/conduction-blocks?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 151: Acute gout may occur with _____ or seafood consumption, which are foods rich in purines
Answer: red meat
Extra: Watch Gout & Pseudogout [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-derm/videos/medical-pathophysiology-musculoskeletal-and-derm-joint-gout-and-pseudogout?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/rheumatology/monoarticuloarthropathy/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 152: Which two states are associated with Tularemia? _____
Answer: Missouri and Arkansas
Extra: Watch Francisella tularensis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-gram-negative-bacilli-zoonotics-francisella-tularensis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 153: What pathology is indicated on the ECG below? _____
Answer: Atrial fibrillation
Extra: Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/cardiology/videos/atrial-arrhythmias?index=2] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiac/arrhythmias/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 154: Dermatomyositis may present with a "_____", which is darkening / thickening of fingertips + sides of fingers + palm sides result in irregular, "dirty" appearing marks
Answer: Mechanic's rash
Extra: Watch Polymyositis & Dermatomyositis [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-immunology/videos/medical-pathophysiology-immunology-autoimmune-and-amyloidosis-polymyositis-and-dermatomyositis?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/immunology?ref=anki
Flashcard 155: Keratoconjunctivitis of the cornea is a complication of _____
Answer: HSV-1
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/microbiology/dna-viruses/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 156: Herpes encephalitis is associated with _____ protein in the CSF
Answer: increased
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 157: Which stage of Lyme disease can present with chronic arthritis? _____
Answer: Stage 3
Extra: Watch Borrelia burgdorferi [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-microbiology/units/medical-microbiology-bacteria/videos/medical-microbiology-bacteria-spirochetes-borrelia-burgdorferi?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 158: Severe hypovolemia, tachyarrhythmias, high fever, and CNS dysfunction are suggestive of _____
Answer: thyroid storm
Extra: * Raised heart watch and vibrating heart transmitter on chest (mislabeled in sketchy) https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrine?ref=anki
Flashcard 159: Does secondary adrenal insufficiency present with skin/mucosal hyperpigmentation? _____
Answer: No, because ACTH levels are decreased
Extra: Watch Hypothalamic & Pituitary Dysfunction Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-disorders-hypothalamic-and-pituitary-dysfunction-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch Adrenal Insufficiency [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-adrenal-disorders-adrenal-insufficiency?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 160: What is the treatment for Goodpasture syndrome? _____
Answer: Emergent plasmapheresis
Extra: Watch Nephritic Syndrome [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-renal/videos/medical-pathophysiology-renal-glomerulopathy-nephritic-syndrome?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] Watch associated Bootcamp video [https://app.bootcamp.com/med-school/nephrology/videos/nephritic-syndromes?index=3] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/renal/nephritic-syndrome/acquire?ref=anki Atlas:
Flashcard 161: What is the treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa? _____
Answer: Abx, retinoids Reduce body weight, stop smoking
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 162: What type of syncope is likely in a person who has had an MI? _____
Answer: Cardiac syncope
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/syncope/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 163: _____ rhinitis is an upper airway pathology with perennial symptoms and no obvious trigger
Answer: Nonallergic
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 164: CHA2DS2-VASc score is used to determine the annual stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation and _____
Answer: atrial flutter
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 165: stable supraventricular tachycardia (e.g. AVNRT) is managed with vagal maneuvers or _____ unstable supraventricular tachycardia (e.g. AVNRT) is managed with _____
Answer: adenosine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/acls-easy/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 166: Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) presents with symptoms similar to _____, though over a period of > 2 months (chronic)
Answer: Guillain-Barré syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 167: Urine pH > 5.5 and hypokalemia = _____
Answer: distal RTA (type 1)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 168: Hyperkalemia and hyperpigmentation are seen in _____ adrenal insufficiency
Answer: primary
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/adrenals/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 169: Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis = _____
Answer: IVIG and vaccine
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 170: for cryptococcus _____
Answer: 2
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/hiv/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 171: Cannon A Waves are caused by _____ Cannon A Waves are distinguished from large A waves because large A waves occur _____
Answer: contraction of the right atrium against a closed tricuspid valve (AV block, PVC, Vtach)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 172: How do patients with hyperthyroidism get hypercalcemia? _____
Answer: Bone turnover via increased T3 stimulation
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 173: What thyroid disorder is associated with atrial fibrillation (causing palpitations/dizziness)? _____
Answer: Hyperthyroidism
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid/acquire?ref=anki Thus patients with new-onset AF should have TSH and free T4 levels measured
Flashcard 174: Carotid sinus massage is used in which kind of arrhythmia? _____
Answer: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki
Flashcard 175: Swollen posterior cervical lymph nodes, swollen spleen, and pharyngitis may indicate _____
Answer: mononucleosis (EBV)
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease?ref=anki
Flashcard 176: Radionuclide scans may be done for thyroid nodules in the setting of a(n) _____
Answer: low TSH (hyperthyroid) level
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/thyroid-nodules/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 177: _____ = increased WBCs in blood
Answer: Leukemia
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/hematology-oncology/lymphoma/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 178: What is the treatment for a patient with asymptomatic atrial premature beats (APBs) at the time of ECG recording? _____
Answer: Reassurance
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology?ref=anki
Flashcard 179: Primary HSV typically _____
Answer: resolves spontaneously within a week of lesion development
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Flashcard 180: What is the management for female pattern hair loss? _____
Answer: Topical minoxidil
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Flashcard 181: The duration of allergic conjunctivitis is _____
Answer: 30min to seasonal
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Flashcard 182: What is the treatment of choice for acute exacerbations of multiple sclerosis with disabling neurologic symptoms? _____
Answer: Corticosteroids
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Flashcard 183: What is the greatest risk factor for development of head and neck cancer? _____
Answer: Tobacco use
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Flashcard 184: Which electrolyte disturbance causes wide QRS and peaked T waves on ECG along with muscle weakness? _____
Answer: Hyperkalemia
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Flashcard 185: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia is tachycardia with narrow _____ complexes with absent P waves on ECG
Answer: QRS
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Flashcard 186: Tick-borne paralysis causes a(n) _____ paralysis
Answer: ascending
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Flashcard 187: What is the management for Nelson syndrome? _____
Answer: Radiotherapy of the pituitary
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Flashcard 188: Acute MS is managed with _____ Chronic MS is managed with _____ / glatiramer / natalizumab
Answer: Corticosteroids
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Flashcard 189: Benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam) are first line for acute attacks of _____
Answer: status epilepticus
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Flashcard 190: _____ is a self-limiting infection that is usually viral and common cause of hoarseness
Answer: Laryngitis
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Flashcard 191: Most patients undergo a second trial of RAI ablation before a decision to perform a thyroid surgery is made _____
Answer: T
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Flashcard 192: Patients with an arrhythmic cause of syncope usually have underlying structural heart disease and _____ have any prodromal symptoms prior to the episode
Answer: do not
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Flashcard 193: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with monocular vision loss accompanied by "washed-out" color vision, afferent pupillary defect, and painful eye movements? _____
Answer: Optic neuritis
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Flashcard 194: All patients with syncope should receive a(n) _____ to find arrhythmias
Answer: ECG
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Flashcard 195: What is the next step in management for a stable patient with suspected vertebral osteomyelitis and no focal neurologic deficits? _____
Answer: Imaging and biopsy
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Flashcard 196: The CHA2DS2-VASc score is useful for assessing thromboembolic risk and anticoagulation needs in patients with _____
Answer: non-valvular atrial fibrillation
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Flashcard 197: _____ = guttate psoriasis (may appear weeks later)
Answer: Strep. pharyngitis
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Flashcard 198: Multifocal atrial tachycardia requires at least _____ different P-wave morphologies to diagnose
Answer: three
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Flashcard 199: Diabetic foot ulcers that reach the bone increase the likelihood of _____
Answer: osteomyelitis
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Flashcard 200: Below is a CXR of a patient with _____
Answer: reactivation tuberculosis
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Flashcard 201: _____ = atria and ventricles ARE NOT a part of the circuit
Answer: AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
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Flashcard 202: What is the recommended treatment for confirmed gonorrhea infection? _____
Answer: azithromycin and ceftriaxone
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Flashcard 203: How do the following laboratory values change in patients with hypopituitarism? Free T4: _____ Serum cortisol: _____ Aldosterone: _____
Answer: Decrease
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Flashcard 204: Who should be screened for syphilis infections? _____
Answer: Persons at increased risk Pregnant women
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Flashcard 205: What is the treatment of a patient after resolution of atrial fibrillation, CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0, and occasional palpitations? _____
Answer: Observation
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Flashcard 206: _____
Answer: Torsades
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Flashcard 207: Anti-Jo, anti-SRP and anti-Mi-2 antibodies are suggestive of _____
Answer: myositis
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Flashcard 208: Progressive adrenal insufficiency and neurological deficits is suggestive of _____
Answer: adrenoleukodystrophy
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Flashcard 209: When is medical therapy for symptomatic atrial premature beats (APBs) considered? _____
Answer: After a trial of trigger avoidance (e.g. caffeine, EtOH, stress, smoking)
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Flashcard 210: _____ syndrome is a pathology of the lower spinal cord that results in severe back pain
Answer: Conus medullaris
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Flashcard 211: What is the most common cause of sudden cardiac arrest in the immediate post-infarction period in patients with acute MI? _____
Answer: Re-entrant ventricular arrhythmias (e.g. ventricular fibrillation)
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Flashcard 212: What is the cause of premature ventricular contractions in a patient with a high pCO2? _____
Answer: Hypoxemia
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Flashcard 213: What is the management for a patient with premature atrial complexes? _____
Answer: Reassurance
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Flashcard 214: Multiple P wave morphologies, irregular HR and associated with lung disease (e.g. COPD) = _____
Answer: multifocal atrial tachycardia
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Flashcard 215: The two predominant mechanisms of compressive cervical radiculopathy are cervical _____ and disc herniation
Answer: spondylosis
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Flashcard 216: If pt has a rise in PSA w/o sxs or mets, what is the treatment? _____
Answer: Anti-androgens
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Flashcard 217: What is the management for a patient with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and newly diagnosed atrial flutter? _____
Answer: Anticoagulation
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Flashcard 218: Herpes encephalitis presents with: _____ lymphocytes and RBCs _____ glucose _____ protein
Answer: ↑
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Flashcard 219: The unpleasant awareness of one's own heartbeat that can feel like a fluttering or pounding in the chest: _____
Answer: Palpitations
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Flashcard 220: Symmetric distal sensory loss or burning sensation associated with motor weakness = _____
Answer: polyneuropathy
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Flashcard 221: _____ AV block is characterized by progressive lengthening of the PR interval until a beat is "dropped"
Answer: 2nd degree Mobitz type I (Wenckebach)
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Flashcard 222: Does polymyalgia rheumatica present with muscle weakness or pain/stiffness? What about polymyositis? _____
Answer: Pain/stiffness vs. Weakness
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Flashcard 223: HSV-1 is a Herpesvirus that may cause edema and hemorrhagic necrosis of the _____ lobe of the brain
Answer: temporal
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Flashcard 224: What is the empiric treatment for ehrlichiosis? _____
Answer: Doxycycline
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Flashcard 225: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with a history of significant sun exposure that presents with a rough/flaky lesion? It does not itch or bleed. _____
Answer: Actinic keratosis
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Flashcard 226: _____ is an immune-mediated disorder that primarily affects the thoracic spinal cord
Answer: Transverse myelitis
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Flashcard 227: _____ is seizure activitiy for > 5 - 30 minutes (continuous or intermittent) without regain of conscious, resulting in brain injury and possibly death
Answer: Status epilepticus
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Flashcard 228: People who have _____ burns are at risk of arrhythmias, posterior shoulder dislocation, and demyelination
Answer: electrical
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Flashcard 229: What is the recommended treatment for patients with a CHA2DS2-VASc score > 2? _____
Answer: Oral anticoagulants
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Flashcard 230: What is the initial treatment of choice for a patient with persistent tachyarrhythmia with associated hemodynamic instability? _____
Answer: Immediate synchronized cardioversion
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Flashcard 231: _____ refers to a decreased number of circulating neutrophils < 1500 cells/mm3
Answer: Neutropenia
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Flashcard 232: The symptoms of myotonic dystrophy may be remembered with the mnemonic "CTG": C: _____ T: _____ G: _____ Other symptoms include myotonia, muscle wasting, and arrhythmias
Answer: Cataracts
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Flashcard 233: "Triphasic bursts" on EEG = _____
Answer: Creutzfeldt Jakob
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Flashcard 234: Pneumocystis pneumonia is a(n) _____-defining illness that presents with a CD4+ count _____
Answer: AIDS
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Flashcard 235: What is the next step in a pregnant patient who has a microcytic anemia and normal iron studies? _____
Answer: Hemoglobin electrophoresis
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Flashcard 236: Treatment for psoriasis? 1st line (mild): _____ (mod to severe): _____ Flares: _____ Additional management? _____
Answer: topical corticosteroids and/or topical Vit D analog
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Flashcard 237: Treatment: Rabies (wild animal, unprovoked) _____
Answer: kill + biopsy, if (+) → administer IgG + vaccine
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Flashcard 238: Abnormal P wave morphology and tachycardia = _____
Answer: ectopic atrial tachycardia
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Flashcard 239: Auspitz sign (pinpoint bleeding due to scale sloughing) is suggestive of _____
Answer: psoriasis
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Flashcard 240: What is the first-line treatment for gigantism? _____
Answer: Transsphenoidal adenomectomy
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Flashcard 241: Antibiotic for tetanus = _____
Answer: metronidazole
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Flashcard 242: Painful rash that follows a dermatomal distribution (described as dew drop like vesicles on an erythematous base) _____
Answer: Herpes Zoster (shingles)
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Flashcard 243: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with palpitations, tachycardia, and the ECG below? _____
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Flashcard 244: What is the first-line treatment for peripheral facial nerve palsy? _____
Answer: Steroid therapy (high-dose prednisone)
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Flashcard 245: What is the diagnosis in a patient with patchy alopecia on the scalp without scarring? _____
Answer: Alopecia areata
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Flashcard 246: For patients who have received the rabies vaccine, rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) includes the _____
Answer: rabies vaccine only
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Flashcard 247: Widened/slurred QRS (delta wave) and ↓ PR interval is suggestive of _____
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Flashcard 248: Infra-nodal block (below AV node) = _____ or _____
Answer: Mobitz type II (2° AV block)
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Flashcard 249: Next step after electrical burn is _____
Answer: ECG
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Flashcard 250: What AV Block is depicated in each of the leads? Top: _____ Middle: _____ Bottom: _____
Answer: Mobitz type I/Wenckebach
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Flashcard 251: Atrial fibrillation may lead to _____ due to atrial strain and increased right atrial pressure
Answer: pulmonary embolism
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Flashcard 252: In someone with suspected meningitis, the first step is to _____
Answer: get blood cultures
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Flashcard 253: Which blistering skin disorder is characterized by fever and painful, erythematous macules that turn into bullae/vesicles with (+) Nikolsky's sign? _____
Answer: Stevens-Johnson syndrome
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Flashcard 254: 2nd degree Mobitz type II AV block and complete heart block are often treated with a(n) _____
Answer: pacemaker
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Flashcard 255: Treatment for Pityriasis Rosea? _____ Etiology? _____
Answer: A benign and self-limiting condition that resolves on its own (~6 weeks)
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Flashcard 256: Pyelonephritis in otherwise stable, non-pregnant patients may be managed with _____
Answer: fluoroquinolones
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Flashcard 257: What is the recommended treatment for widespread non-bullous impetigo or extensive bullous impetigo? _____
Answer: Oral antibiotics (e.g. cephalexin, clindamycin)
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Flashcard 258: Guillain-Barré syndrome is treated with plasmapheresis or _____
Answer: IVIG
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Flashcard 259: Sideroblastic anemia may be caused by vitamin _____ deficiency
Answer: B6
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Flashcard 260: What is the prophylactic management against rabies for a patient with a high-risk wild animal bite and an animal that is available? _____
Answer: Euthanize, test animal and start PEP if positive
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Flashcard 261: For a first time seizure, order an EEG and CT scan and consider the VITAMINS mnemonic to identify a cause: V_____ I_____ T_____ A_____ Metabolic Ingestion or wIthdrawal Neoplasm PSych
Answer: ascular
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Flashcard 262: What is the best first step in treating acute atrial fibrillation in a hemodynamically unstable patient? _____
Answer: Synchronized cardioversion (shock)
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Flashcard 263: Sudden syncope without prodrome = _____ Sudden syncope without prodrome and focal neurologic deficit = _____
Answer: arrhythmias
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Flashcard 264: Multifocal atrial tachycardia is managed with _____
Answer: treat underlying cause
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Flashcard 265: ↓ PR interval and widened/slurred QRS (delta wave) = _____
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Flashcard 266: What is the likely diagnosis in a young adult patient that presents with the foot rash below? The lesions are painful with walking and standing. _____
Answer: Plantar warts (due to HPV infection)
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Flashcard 267: What is the likely diagnosis in an HIV patient that presents with fever and altered mental status with encapsulated yeast visualized on CSF fungal stain? _____
Answer: Cryptococcal meningoencephalitis
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Flashcard 268: What is the number one modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis? _____
Answer: Smoking
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Flashcard 269: Cauda equina syndrome = _____ motor weakness Conus medullaris syndrome = _____ motor weakness
Answer: asymmetric
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Flashcard 270: Like gout, pseudogout can also arise in acute attacks with onset within _____
Answer: hours to days
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Flashcard 271: Proximal muscle weakness improving with use is suggestive of _____
Answer: Lambert-Eaton syndrome
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Flashcard 272: _____ rhinitis is an upper airway pathology characterized by watery rhinorrhea and eye symptoms
Answer: Allergic
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Flashcard 273: Hypercalcemia of malignancy = _____ PTH levels
Answer: ↓
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Flashcard 274: Wide QRS = _____ rhythm Narrow QRS = _____ rhythm
Answer: ventricular
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Flashcard 275: Atrial flutter is treated similarly to _____
Answer: atrial fibrillation
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Flashcard 276: CKD = _____kalemia
Answer: hyper
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Flashcard 277: Uninhibited bladder contractions = _____ – _____
Answer: urge incontinence
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Flashcard 278: Very short RP interval = _____
Answer: AV node reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
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Flashcard 279: Myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria is suggestive of _____
Answer: acute tubular necrosis
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Flashcard 280: What is required for diagnosis of Lewy body dementia in contrast to dementia secondary to Parkinson disease? _____
Answer: Cognitive and motor symptom onset <1 year apart
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Flashcard 281: What is the management for a stable patient with bradycardia? _____
Answer: Monitor with cardiac telemetry
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Flashcard 282: Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis? _____
Answer: Cold compress
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Flashcard 283: If someone with a wound has had <3 lifetime doses of tetanus vaccine, the next question is whether the wound is _____
Answer: clean or dirty
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Flashcard 284: _____ = stable and narrow QRS tachycardia > 150 bpm _____ = stable + wide QRS tachycardia > 150 bpm
Answer: adenosine
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Flashcard 285: Infant with recurrent strep pneumonia and h. influenza infections = _____
Answer: B-cell disorder
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Flashcard 286: QTc > _____ ms is at increased risk for dangerous dysrhythmias
Answer: 500
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Flashcard 287: In gonadotropin-dependent (central) precocious puberty, LH levels are _____ at baseline
Answer: high
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Flashcard 288: Atrial fibrillation should be treated with _____ then cardioversion
Answer: anticoagulation
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Flashcard 289: Is primary prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex recommended for patients with HIV on cART? _____
Answer: No
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Flashcard 290: Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS): - Minimal to no axillary or pubic hair development occurs due to _____
Answer: peripheral androgen resistance
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Flashcard 291: What is the cause of this maculopapular rash which also spread to the hands and soles of the feet? _____
Answer: Secondary syphilis
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Flashcard 292: Cryptococcus presents with signs of increased _____ due to the fungi clogging the arachnoid villi
Answer: intracranial pressure
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Flashcard 293: Low risk population (+) PPD > _____ Mid risk population (+) PPD > _____ High risk population (+) PPD > _____
Answer: 15 mm
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Flashcard 294: Intranodal block (at AV node) = 1st degree AV block or _____
Answer: 2nd degree AV block Mobitz type 1 (Wenckebach)
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Flashcard 295: What is the recommended treatment for primary syphilis in a non-pregnant patient with a severe penicillin allergy (e.g. anaphylaxis)? _____
Answer: Oral doxycycline
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/genital-ulcers/acquire?ref=anki a 4-fold decrease in antibody titers at 6-12 months indicates treatment success
Flashcard 296: Do premature ventricular complexes resemble typical ventricular contractions on ECG? _____
Answer: No, they present as a wide QRS
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Flashcard 297: _____
Answer: Keratosis pilaris
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Flashcard 298: Below is an ECG with _____
Answer: premature atrial complexes
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Flashcard 299: What type of AV block involves completely regular RR intervals with dissociated P and QRS complexes? _____
Answer: 3rd degree AV block
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Flashcard 300: What is the most common indication for placement of a permanent pacemaker? _____
Answer: Symptomatic bradyarrhythmias (w/o a reversible cause) e.g. AV block or sick sinus syndrome
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/cardiology/syncope/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 301: _____
Answer:
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Flashcard 302: What is the prophylactic management against rabies for a patient with a high-risk wild animal bite and an animal that is unavailable? _____
Answer: PEP
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Flashcard 303: What is the treatment regimen for diabetic ketoacidosis? - Prophylactic _____, IV _____, and IV _____ - Once anion gap closes: subQ insulin - Once blood glucose reaches 200-250 mg/dL: D5W
Answer: potassium
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Flashcard 304: Huntington disease = ↑ _____
Answer: dopamine
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Flashcard 305: Patients should be managed with empirical antibiotic therapy immediately if meningitis is suspected and any of the following are present: - _____ - Focal neurological deficits - Abnormal level of consciousness - Seizure at initial presentation - History of CNS disease
Answer: Immunocompromise
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Flashcard 306: What is the treatment for tuberculosis (TB)? Latent → _____ Active → _____
Answer: isoniazid (INH) and B6
Extra: https://onlinemeded.org/spa/infectious-disease/tb/acquire?ref=anki
Flashcard 307: _____ has fluctuating symptoms throughout the day
Answer: MG
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Flashcard 308: Focal seizure with change in awareness is most likely a(n) _____
Answer: complex partial seizure
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Flashcard 309: Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response in hemodynamically stable patients is managed with _____ control
Answer: rate
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Flashcard 310: Sinus bradycardia with delayed/dropped p waves is suggestive of _____
Answer: sick sinus syndrome
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Flashcard 311: _____ radiculopathy most commonly presents with neck pain that radiates down the arm in a dermatomal pattern
Answer: Cervical
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Flashcard 312: What is the prophylactic management against rabies for a patient with a dog, cat, or ferret bite and an animal that is unavailable? _____
Answer: PEP
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Flashcard 313: Chronic otitis externa = use _____ drops as preventive care to keep ear dry
Answer: alcohol / acetic acid
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Flashcard 314: In patients with TCA overdose, a QRS duration > _____ is associated with increased risk of arrhythmias and/or seizures and is an indication for treatment with sodium bicarbonate
Answer: 100 msec
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Flashcard 315: What is the likely diagnosis in an elderly patient with recurrent infections and with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and marked lymphocytosis on physical/laboratory exam? _____
Answer: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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Flashcard 316: Hyperthyroidism may lead to _____
Answer: atrial fibrillation
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Flashcard 317: Stable atrial fibrillation is managed with _____ Unstable atrial fibrillation is managed with _____
Answer: rate > rhythm control
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Flashcard 318: Post-thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine increase in thyroglobulin = _____
Answer: recurrence of cancer
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Flashcard 319: _____ conjunctivitis is an IgE-mediated allergic conjunctivitis that presents with severe itching, reflex lacrimation, and giant cobblestone papillae
Answer: Vernal
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Flashcard 320: What is the likely diagnosis in a young patient with abrupt onset tachycardia and palpitations? _____
Answer: Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
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Flashcard 321: What is the management in a patient with mild alopecia areata? _____
Answer: Topical or intralesional corticosteroids
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Flashcard 322: Tuberculoid pleural effusion is characterized by _____ protein, _____ leukocytosis, glucose < 60, and high LDH.
Answer: very elevated (> 4 g/dL)
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Flashcard 323: The signs/symptoms of multiple myeloma may be remembered with the mnemonic "CRAB": C: _____ R: _____ A: _____ B: _____ / Back pain
Answer: hyperCalcemia
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Flashcard 324: What does CHADS-VASc stand for? C: _____ H: _____ A: _____ D: _____ S: Stroke/TIA/thromboembolism (2 points) V: Vascular disease (MI, PAD, aortic plaque) A: Age 65-74 Sc: Female sex
Answer: Congestive heart failure
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Flashcard 325: Most pituitary adenomas that produce ACTH are _____
Answer: microadenomas (< 10 mm in diameter)
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Flashcard 326: _____ is a cardiac complication of drowning
Answer: Arrhythmia
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Flashcard 327: Muscle Strength Evaluation _____ = movement against gravity, but not resistance
Answer: 3/5
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Flashcard 328: What is the likely reason for recurrence of tinea cruris? Foot examination shows tinea pedis. _____
Answer: Autoinfection
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Flashcard 329: Guillain-Barré syndrome is associated with _____ CSF protein, _____ CSF WBC, RBC, and glucose count
Answer: increased
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Flashcard 330: _____ may result in:
Answer: Left bundle branch block
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Flashcard 331: Asymptomatic PVCs is managed with _____ Symptomatic PVCs is managed with _____
Answer: no treatment
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Flashcard 332: (+) PPD with (-) X-ray is managed with _____
Answer: INH 9 months
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Flashcard 333: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient with a rash that began as small papules and progressed to erythematous linear plaques with oozing yellow fluid (image below)? The patient was cleaning bushes around the house a few days prior to rash formation. _____
Answer: Allergic contact dermatitis
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Flashcard 334: Can distal symptoms occur in polymyalgia rheumatica? _____
Answer: Yes
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Flashcard 335: In addition to empiric antibiotics, what other medication should be administered to patients with suspected bacterial meningitis? _____
Answer: Corticosteroids
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Flashcard 336: What CSF findings are associated with HSV encephalitis? Protein: _____ Glucose: _____ WBC: _____ RBC: _____
Answer: high
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Flashcard 337: What is the diagnosis for an ECG with a Q wave in lead III, a constant PR interval of 0.15 seconds and every third P wave that is nonconducted? _____
Answer: Mobitz type II AV block
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Flashcard 338: Cardioversion in atrial fibrillation > 48 hours requires _____ and anticoagulation (warfarin or NOAC)
Answer: echo
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Flashcard 339: How early can sickle cell pain crises occur, and why do they occur at that time? _____
Answer: 6 months; production of defective HbA increases (i.e. primary fetal hemoglobin decreases)
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Flashcard 340: What is the likely diagnosis in a patient that presents with muscle cramps/weakness and hyporeflexia with U waves and broad, flat T waves on ECG? _____
Answer: Hypokalemia
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Flashcard 341: Ventricullar fibrillation is managed with _____
Answer: defibrillation
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Flashcard 342: What is the management for an unstable patient with bradycardia refractory to atropine? _____
Answer: IV epinephrine or dopamine or transcutaneous pacing
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Flashcard 343: Unstable WPW = cardioversion Stable WPW = _____ or ibutilide
Answer: Procainamide
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Flashcard 344: What is the recommended tetanus prophylaxis in an adult that suffers a severe wound after stepping on rusty nails? He is uncertain of his vaccination history. _____
Answer: Tetanus toxoid-containing vaccine and tetanus immune globulin
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Flashcard 345: What is the first-line therapy for conscious and stable patients with torsades de pointes? _____
Answer: IV magnesium
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Flashcard 346: Which genital infection is characterized by tender, small ulcers with an erythematous base and mild lymphadenopathy? _____
Answer: Herpes simplex virus
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Flashcard 347: Stable ventricular tachycardia is managed with _____ or lidocaine Unstable ventricular tachycardia is managed with _____ Pulseless ventricular tachycardia is managed with _____
Answer: amiodarone
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Flashcard 348: Treatment for alopecia areata? _____
Answer: Steroids - topical, intralesional, and systemic depending on severity
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Flashcard 349: Urine pH < 5.5 and hypokalemia = _____
Answer: proximal RTA (type 2)
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Flashcard 350: For a first time seizure, order an EEG and CT scan and consider the VITAMINS mnemonic to identify a cause: V_____ I_____ T_____ A_____ Metabolic Ingestion or wIthdrawal Neoplasm PSych
Answer: ascular
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Flashcard 351: What is the first-line treatment for symptomatic supraventricular premature beats (e.g. APBs, junctional) _____
Answer: Reduce potential triggers like caffeine, EtOH, smoking
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Flashcard 352: What is the most common trigger of acute COPD exacerbation? _____
Answer: Upper respiratory infection (URI)
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Flashcard 353: Below is an ECG of a patient with _____
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
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Flashcard 354: What is the most common location of ectopic foci that cause atrial fibrillation? _____
Answer: Pulmonary veins
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Flashcard 355: _____ = guttate psoriasis (may appear weeks later)
Answer: Strep. pharyngitis
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Flashcard 356: _____ HIV infection = flu-like symptoms (low-grade fever, fatigue, sore throat, or myalgias)
Answer: Acute (primary)
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Flashcard 357: The diagnosis of sickle cell disease can be confirmed with _____
Answer: hemoglobin electrophoresis
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Flashcard 358: What is the protocol for an HIV+ patient getting pap smears? _____
Answer: 21q1
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Flashcard 359: Temporal lobe encephalitis = _____
Answer: HSV-1
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Flashcard 360: Uncorrelated P waves/QRS complexes (ventricular > atrial rate) = _____
Answer: ventricular tachycardia
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Flashcard 361: Check [_____] levels if myoglobinuria is confirmed in a burn victim
Answer: K
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Flashcard 362: Diuretics and a no salt diet are effective in treating: A) Ménière Disease B) Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) C) Viral Labrynthitis D) Vestibular Neuronitis E) Brandt-Daroff disease _____
Answer: A
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Flashcard 363: Primary herpes infections are usually preceded by _____-like symptoms preceding genital lesions
Answer: viral
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Flashcard 364: Degeneration of sinus node and replacement with fibrous tissue is suggestive of _____
Answer: sick sinus syndrome
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Flashcard 365: Regular "sawtooth" baseline with regular P:QRS ratio (e.g. 2:1, 4:1)= _____
Answer: atrial flutter
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Flashcard 366: Treatment for tinea capitis? _____ Complication? _____
Answer: Oral Griseofulvin (note: NOT topical)
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Flashcard 367: _____calcemia _____kalemia _____magnesemia causes prolongation of the QT interval
Answer: Hypo
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Flashcard 368: Babesia = most dangerous for _____
Answer: asplenic patients
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Flashcard 369: _____ may result in:
Answer: Right bundle branch block
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Flashcard 370: Symptoms of orbital cellulitis include _____, ophthalmoplegia, and visual changes
Answer: proptosis
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Flashcard 371: What type of white blood cell may be elevated in primary adrenal insufficiency? _____
Answer: Eosinophils
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Flashcard 372: Who gets meningitis from Listeria? (1) _____ (2) _____
Answer: Neonates
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Flashcard 373: What CSF analysis finding is useful for diagnosis of multiple sclerosis? _____
Answer: Oligoclonal bands of IgG
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Flashcard 374: All patients with cognitive impairment must be evaluated for _____, as this is a treatable and reversible condition
Answer: hypothyroidism
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Flashcard 375: _____ degree AV block is characterized by a PR interval > 200 msec on ECG
Answer: 1st
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Flashcard 376: What is the initial treatment of choice for a patient with ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia? _____
Answer: Immediate defibrillation (unsynchronized)
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Flashcard 377: ECG: regular and narrow complex tachycardia with rate > 150 Clinical: brief episodes of palpitations, dizziness, chest pain, dyspnea, syncope _____
Answer: Supraventricular tachycardia
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Flashcard 378: What is the normal range of Hematologic: Reticulocyte count?
Answer: From 0.5 to 1.5 %
Flashcard 379: 23 y/o man is brought by a pramedics following a motor vehicle accident. -Several days after hospitalization, his fluid volum and plasm osmolarity are measured and illustrated in the image below (solid line: normal, dotted line: patient) What is the disease that is most likely to cause the findings shown in the image?
Answer: Diabetes Insipisidus. due to high osmolarity, and lack of water to the lack of ADH thus can't reabsorb water. It could be central or nephrogenic. In this patient, it is central because of head trauma due to accident.
Flashcard 380: Destroyed muscle cells in Rhabdomyolysis release large amounts of _____, causing arrhythmias
Answer: potassium
Flashcard 381: Which paraneoplastic syndrome presents with progressive proximal muscle weakness, papules on the knuckles, and a rash around the eyes?_____
Answer: Dermatomyositis
Flashcard 382: A saddle-nose (thick) with thick cheeks is characteristic of _____ leprosy
Answer: Lepromatous
Flashcard 383: _____ (anti-Mi-2) autoantibodies are associated with polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Answer: Anti-helicase
Flashcard 384: The osmotic diuresis in diabetic ketoacidosis may lead to fatal arrhythmias by causing _____ depletion
Answer: total body K+
Flashcard 385: _____ incontinence has features of both stress and urgency incontinence
Answer: Mixed
Flashcard 386: _____ - myositis in an inflammatory disorder of the skin and skeletal muscle
Answer: Dermato
Flashcard 387: What cause of osteomyelitis is more common in vertebrae? _____
Answer: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Pott disease)
Flashcard 388: How can adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma be distinguished from multiple myeloma? _____
Answer: ATLL causes a rash
Flashcard 389: What treatment for SCID is curative?_____
Answer: Bone marrow transplant
Flashcard 390: What is the most common inflammatory condition of the pituitary gland?_____
Answer: Lymphocytic hypophysitis
Flashcard 391: Which bacteria is associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome?_____
Answer: Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Flashcard 392: Arboviruses present with symptoms such as fever, _____ status, seizures, and cranial nerve palsies
Answer: altered mental
Flashcard 393: Which cause of genital ulceration presents with gray or yellow exudate?_____
Answer: Chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
Flashcard 394: Direct factor Xa inhibitors may be used for stroke prophylaxis in patients with _____
Answer: atrial fibrillation
Flashcard 395: Paget disease of bone is characterized by _____ serum PTH
Answer: normal
Flashcard 396: Congenital long QT syndrome has increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to _____
Answer: torsades de pointes
Flashcard 397: _____ seizures are also known as petit mal seizures
Answer: Absence
Flashcard 398: Treatment of Rabies virus includes wound _____
Answer: cleaning
Flashcard 399: Class IC antiarrhythmics can restore and maintain normal sinus rhythm in _____ fibrillation and flutter
Answer: atrial
Flashcard 400: Atrial _____ is characterized by a rapid succession of identical, back-to-back atrial depolarization waves
Answer: flutter
Flashcard 401: Which complication of chickenpox commonly affects the immunocompromised?_____
Answer: Encephalitis
Flashcard 402: Do lower motoneuron lesions present with fasciculations? _____
Answer: Yes
Flashcard 403: Lead poisoning in adults often presents with wrist / foot drop due to _____
Answer: peripheral neuropathy
Flashcard 404: What endocrine pathology may be associated with pseudogout?_____
Answer: Hyperparathyroidism
Flashcard 405: Arboviruses all cause _____ and fever
Answer: encephalitis
Flashcard 406: Ebstein's Anomaly is associated with _____, which can lead to arrhythmias
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White
Flashcard 407: CSF protein in viral meningitis is _____ (normal, inc, dec.)
Answer: increased
Flashcard 408: _____ AV block is characterized by dropped beats that are not preceded by a change in length of the PR interval on ECG
Answer: 2nd degree Mobitz type II
Flashcard 409: The clinical latency period of HIV infection can last _____ years
Answer: 10
Flashcard 410: Flesh-colored, dome-shaped, umbilicated skin lesions are diagnostic of _____
Answer: Molluscum contagiosum
Flashcard 411: _____ is characterized by a completely erratic rhythm with no identifiable waves on ECG
Answer: Ventricular fibrillation
Flashcard 412: Symptoms of hypopituitarism arise when >_____% of the pituitary parenchyma is lost
Answer: 75
Flashcard 413: _____ is the mainstay of treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma
Answer: Radiation
Flashcard 414: Is Guillain-Barre syndrome typically fatal?_____
Answer: No (almost all patients survive)
Flashcard 415: What is the treatment for drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis? _____
Answer: Cessation of the drug
Flashcard 416: What would the result of a dexamethasone suppression test be in a patient with Cushing disease? _____
Answer: Cortisol response WOULD BE suppressed by high dose dexamethasone
Flashcard 417: Reactivation of VZV results in _____
Answer: herpes zoster (shingles)
Flashcard 418: Sideroblastic anemia is characterized by _____ TIBC
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 419: Vagal maneuvers can be used to acutely terminate which arrhythmia?_____
Answer: Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia (PSVT)
Flashcard 420: Atrial _____ is most often caused by a re-entrant current that rotates around the tricuspid annulus
Answer: flutter
Flashcard 421: Tabes Dorsalis is characterized by loss of _____ due to degeneration of the dorsal roots
Answer: deep tendon reflexes (DTRs) (muscle issue)
Flashcard 422: The meningitis caused by West nile virus can result in a _____ paralysis
Answer: flaccid
Flashcard 423: Influenza is associated with _____ syndrome
Answer: Guillain-Barre
Flashcard 424: What is the most common cause of blindness worldwide?_____
Answer: Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes A, B, C (aka trachoma) (...aka...)
Flashcard 425: Vitamin D excess may present with stupor and _____ appetite
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 426: Patients with _____ syndrome have an increased risk for developing Alzheimer disease
Answer: Down
Flashcard 427: Brucellosis due to Brucella spp. presents with _____, anorexia, and fatigue
Answer: undulant fever
Flashcard 428: What is the vector for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)?_____
Answer: Dermacentor ticks
Flashcard 429: One possible complication of mitral stenosis is _____ with associated risk for mural thrombi
Answer: atrial fibrillation
Flashcard 430: Over 90% of Alzheimer disease cases are _____ (sporadic or familial)
Answer: sporadic
Flashcard 431: What dermatologic lesion is a elevated solid skin lesion < 1 cm?_____
Answer: Papule
Flashcard 432: Symptomatic treatment of _____ bladder in MS patients may include catheterization and/or muscarinic antagonists
Answer: neurogenic
Flashcard 433: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a cause of _____ (MCV) anemia
Answer: normocytic
Flashcard 434: 2nd degree Mobitz type II AV block may progress to _____-degree block
Answer: 3rd
Flashcard 435: 2nd degree Mobitz type II AV block is often treated with a _____
Answer: pacemaker
Flashcard 436: Sudden cardiac death is most commonly due to a lethal _____
Answer: arrhythmia (e.g. ventricular fibrillation)
Flashcard 437: Type 4 renal tubular acidosis is associated with _____-kalemia
Answer: hyper
Flashcard 438: _____ fibrillation is a fatal arrhythmia without immediate CPR and defibrillation
Answer: Ventricular
Flashcard 439: What is the serum calcium level in primary hyperparathyroidism?_____
Answer: Increased (due to increased PTH)
Flashcard 440: Holiday Heart Syndrome describes the precipitation of _____ after excessive alcohol consumption
Answer: atrial fibrillation
Flashcard 441: Does gout present with symmetric or asymmetric joint involvement? _____
Answer: Asymmetric
Flashcard 442: Does ALS present with symmetric or asymmetric weakness?_____
Answer: Asymmetric
Flashcard 443: Huntington disease is characterized by _____ acetylcholine
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 444: _____ is a polymorphic ventricular tachycardia with shifting sinusoidal waveforms on ECG
Answer: Torsades de pointes
Flashcard 445: High levels of calcitonin produced by a thyroid medullary carcinoma may lead to _____
Answer: hypocalcemia
Flashcard 446: Does subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (de Quervain) present with a tender or nontender thyroid?_____
Answer: **Very tender**
Flashcard 447: Which electrolyte disturbance causes tetany, torsades de pointes, and hypokalemia? _____
Answer: Low Mg2+ (hypomagnesemia)
Flashcard 448: Classically, the first location affected in Clostridium tetani infection is the _____
Answer: jaw
Flashcard 449: Which stage of Lyme disease is late and disseminated?_____
Answer: Stage 3
Flashcard 450: What demographic is most commonly affected by Brugada syndrome? _____
Answer: Asian males
Flashcard 451: Rheumatoid arthritis classically presents with joint stiffness that improves with _____
Answer: activity
Flashcard 452: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome may result in re-entry circuit, causing supraventricular _____
Answer: tachycardia
Flashcard 453: Transmission of smallpox occurs via inhalation of _____ secretions
Answer: respiratory
Flashcard 454: What is the most common type of Dengue fever?_____
Answer: Type 2 (DENV-2)
Flashcard 455: Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) presents with fever and _____
Answer: meningoencephalitis
Flashcard 456: Topical Vitamin D can be used as an adjunct therapy for patients with _____
Answer: Psoriasis
Flashcard 457: Which stage of Lyme disease is early and disseminated?_____
Answer: Stage 2
Flashcard 458: _____ degree AV block is characterized by independent beating of the atria and ventricles (P waves and QRS complexes are not rhythmically associated)
Answer: 3rd
Flashcard 459: Sleep apnea is associated with arrhythmias, especially _____
Answer: atrial fibrillation/flutter
Flashcard 460: The general prodromal symptoms with a rickettsial infection are _____
Answer: headache and fever
Flashcard 461: Does poliomyelitis present with symmetric or asymmetric weakness?_____
Answer: Asymmetric
Flashcard 462: _____ syndrome is the most common type of ventricular pre-excitation syndrome
Answer: Wolff-Parkinson-White
Flashcard 463: A non-specific symptom of pituitary adenoma is _____ (due to mass effect)
Answer: headache
Flashcard 464: What is the most common arrhythmia seen in Hyperthyroidism?_____
Answer: Atrial Fibrillation
Flashcard 465: Thyroid storm presents with agitation, delirium, fever, diarrhea, coma, and _____ (cause of death)
Answer: tachyarrhythmia
Flashcard 466: Which cutaneous manifestation is seen in primary syphilis?_____
Answer: Genital chancre (painless)
Flashcard 467: Lymphopenia may be caused by _____ (e.g. HIV, DiGeorge syndrome, SCID)
Answer: immunodeficiency
Flashcard 468: Which stage of Lyme disease can present with facial nerve palsy?_____
Answer: Stage 2
Flashcard 469: Which drugs (2) are first-line in the treatment of Lyme disease in pregnant women?_____
Answer: Amoxicillin and Cefuroxime
Flashcard 470: What is the most common cause of Cushing syndrome?_____
Answer: Exogenous glucocorticoids
Flashcard 471: The rash associated with Rickettsia prowazekii _____
Answer: starts at the trunk and spreads towards the extremities ((rash pattern))
Flashcard 472: Which hematologic complication arises from Onchocerca volvulus infection?_____
Answer: Eosinophilia
Flashcard 473: Patients with Brugada syndrome are at increased risk of ventricular _____ and sudden cardiac death (SCD)
Answer: tachyarrhythmias
Flashcard 474: _____ seizures are characterized by impaired consciousness with no postictal confusion
Answer: Absence
Flashcard 475: Long-term treatment of multiple sclerosis with disease-modifying therapies stop _____ and halt/slows progression of disease (options include interferon beta, glatiramer and natalizumab)
Answer: relapses
Flashcard 476: Risk factors for Ebola and Marburg virus infection include recent travel to _____
Answer: Africa
Flashcard 477: Multiple sclerosis is characterized by _____ levels of lymphocytes in the CSF
Answer: increased
Flashcard 478: JC virus causes _____ in the immunocompromised
Answer: progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Flashcard 479: HIV patients with a CD4+ count _____ may receive the Zoster (shingles) vaccine
Answer: > 200
Flashcard 480: Huntington disease is characterized by _____ GABA
Answer: decreased
Flashcard 481: Essential tremor is _____ with movement or when anxious
Answer: worsened (relieved or worsened)
Flashcard 482: Torsades de pointes can progress to ventricular _____
Answer: fibrillation (VF)
Flashcard 483: Atrial fibrillation can lead to thromboembolic events, particularly _____ (brain complication)
Answer: stroke
Flashcard 484: Which Herpesvirus is associated with causing retinitis in immunocompromised patients?_____
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 485: _____ syndrome is a form of long QT syndrome that is purely cardiac (no deafness)
Answer: Romano-Ward
Flashcard 486: What is the state of the adrenal glands in Cushing syndrome due to a paraneoplastic (ectopic) ACTH secretion (hyperplasia, atrophy; one, both)?_____
Answer: Hyperplasia of both adrenal glands
Flashcard 487: What demographic is commonly affected by Mycoplasma pneumoniae? _____
Answer: Young adults, especially those living in close quarters
Flashcard 488: Deficiencies of which two cations are associated with torsades de pointes? _____
Answer: K+ and Mg2+
Flashcard 489: _____ is a Herpesvirus that causes retinitis in HIV patients that presents with cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy.
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 490: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura commonly follows _____ infection
Answer: viral
Flashcard 491: _____ are a result of HSV infection and appear as a "target lesion" with a pink-red ring around a pale center
Answer: Erythema multiforme
Flashcard 492: What potassium imbalance is a consequence of renal failure?_____
Answer: Hyperkalemia
Flashcard 493: Because of the large electrolyte abnormalities in Refeeding Syndrome, patients can present with _____, rhabdomyolysis, and seizures
Answer: arrhythmias (cardiac)
Flashcard 494: Cushing disease refers specifically to an _____
Answer: ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Flashcard 495: Fevers in babesiosis have a(n) _____ cycle
Answer: irregular
Flashcard 496: Parkinson disease is characterized by _____ acetylcholine
Answer: increased
Flashcard 497: Herpes encephalitis is associated with _____ glucose in the CSF
Answer: normal
Flashcard 498: Absence seizures are characteristically provoked by _____
Answer: hyperventilation
Flashcard 499: Cervical cancer malignancies in HPV are more common with what other disease?_____
Answer: HIV/AIDS
Flashcard 500: Sideroblastic anemia is a cause of _____ (MCV) anemia
Answer: microcytic
Flashcard 501: Patients with Brugada syndrome may prevent sudden cardiac death with an implantable _____
Answer: cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD)
Flashcard 502: One risk factor for UTI is _____ activity
Answer: sexual
Flashcard 503: Cerebellopontine angle syndrome lacks signs of _____ lesions, thus indicating the lesion is outside the brainstem
Answer: long tract
Flashcard 504: One complication that may occur during the first 24 hours post-MI is _____, which is an important cause of death before reaching the hospital
Answer: arrhythmia
Flashcard 505: One common cause of an embolic ischemic stroke is _____ (heart)
Answer: atrial fibrillation
Flashcard 506: What demographic (age, gender) is most commonly affected by multiple sclerosis?_____
Answer: Females in their 20s and 30s
Flashcard 507: What clinical features are seen in Cushing syndrome/disease that are a result of increased androgen levels:_____ (in women)
Answer: Virilization
Flashcard 508: Sickle cell anemia is a cause of _____ (MCV) anemia
Answer: normocytic
Flashcard 509: Does spinal muscular atrophy damage upper or lower motoneurons?_____
Answer: Lower
Flashcard 510: _____ is a disorder of recurrent seizures (non-febrile)
Answer: Epilepsy
Flashcard 511: Which Herpesvirus infection can result in Cauda equina syndrome in HIV/AIDS patients?_____
Answer: CMV
Flashcard 512: What are the symptoms of Pneumocystis jiroveci in the immunocompetent?_____
Answer: Asymptomatic - None
Flashcard 513: Which type of UV light is the main cause of sunburn?_____
Answer: UV-B
Flashcard 514: What is the inheritance of Brugada syndrome? _____
Answer: Autosomal dominant
Flashcard 515: What pneumoconiosis has an increased risk for TB? _____
Answer: Silicosis
Flashcard 516: 3rd degree AV block can be caused by _____ disease
Answer: Lyme
Flashcard 517: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome presents with a characteristic _____ wave on ECG
Answer: delta
Flashcard 518: PSA > _____ ng/dl is worrisome at any age and may be indicative of prostatic adenocarcinoma
Answer: 10
Flashcard 519: What are two complications of chickenpox that more commonly present in adults?_____
Answer: Pneumonia and Encephalitis
Flashcard 520: 3rd degree AV block is usually treated with a _____
Answer: pacemaker
Flashcard 521: Chronic primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as _____ disease, is due to adrenal atrophy or destruction by disease
Answer: Addison
Flashcard 522: If a patient with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome has adequate cortisol suppression following a high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (8mg), the most likely cause of their syndrome is _____
Answer: Cushing disease
Flashcard 523: Approximately 90% of left atrial thrombi are found within the _____ in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Answer: left atrial appendage
Flashcard 524: Will a short (7-10 day) course of treatment with acyclovir during the primary genital HSV infection alter recurrence rates? _____
Answer: No
Flashcard 525: Treatment for Cutaneous Warts?_____
Answer: Salicylic acid/Liquid Nitrogen
Flashcard 526: What is the prognosis for miliary tuberculosis?_____
Answer: Poor (100% fatality if not treated)
Flashcard 527: Is the Herpes Zoster (shingles) rash painful?_____
Answer: Extremely!
Flashcard 528: The most common cause of meningitis in teenagers is _____ infection
Answer: Neisseria meningitidis
Flashcard 529: Scabies is transmitted through _____ most commonly, or via fomites
Answer: skin-to-skin contact
Flashcard 530: When should you start prophylaxis for Pneumocystis jiroveci?_____
Answer: CD4+ count < 200
Flashcard 531: Follicular lymphoma typically presents in _____ (age group)
Answer: late adulthood
Flashcard 532: What skin disorder is characterized by painful, pruritic hyperpigmented papules and pustules that occur as a result of shaving?_____
Answer: Pseudofolliculitis barbae
Flashcard 533: Psoriasis typically presents on _____ surfaces and the scalp
Answer: extensor
Flashcard 534: The rash from Rickettsia prowazekii spares the _____
Answer: hands, feet, and head
Flashcard 535: Secondary TB may involve the kidneys, causing sterile _____
Answer: pyuria
Flashcard 536: One sign of lateral cerebellar lesion is _____ dysfunction when the eyes try to fix on a point
Answer: gaze
Flashcard 537: One cause of cretinism is _____, which is due to a congenital defect in thyroid hormone production
Answer: dyshormonogenetic goiter
Flashcard 538: What is the definitive treatment for atrial flutter?_____
Answer: Catheter ablation
Flashcard 539: Which thyroid imbalance presents with tachycardia, palpitations, and arrhythmias?_____
Answer: Hyperthyroidism
Flashcard 540: Which renal tubular acidosis may be caused by decreased aldosterone production? _____
Answer: Hyperkalemic (type 4) RTA
Flashcard 541: What symptoms does primary TB typically present with? _____
Answer: Generally asymptomatic
Flashcard 542: Which type of WBC is the most sensitive to radiation?_____
Answer: Lymphocytes
Flashcard 543: Which stage of Lyme disease can present with 3rd degree AV block?_____
Answer: Stage 2
Keywords: Arrhythmias flashcards, medical flashcards, NEET PG preparation, USMLE Step 1 flashcards, Anki alternative, spaced repetition medical, OnCourse flashcards
Study by Chapter
Basic electrophysiology
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ECG interpretation fundamentals
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Supraventricular tachycardias
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Atrial fibrillation and flutter
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Ventricular arrhythmias
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Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disorders
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Sudden cardiac death
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Antiarrhythmic medications
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Cardioversion and defibrillation
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Pacemakers and ICDs
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Catheter ablation procedures
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Secondary arrhythmias (electrolyte, drug-induced)
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Inherited arrhythmia syndromes
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