Limitations and controversies in screening — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: One use of Mammography as a screening tool is to detect invasive carcinoma before it becomes _____

Answer: clinically palpable

Flashcard 2: What is the best screening test for DIC? _____

Answer: Elevated D-dimer

Flashcard 3: Levels of Prostate Specific Antigen and Digital Rectal Exam are used as screening tools to detect Prostate Carcinoma before it _____

Answer: spreads

Flashcard 4: A decreased % of which form of PSA is suggestive of prostatic adenocarcinoma? _____

Answer: Free-PSA (cancer makes bound-PSA)

Flashcard 5: With respect to TB, what does a positive PPD indicate?

Answer: current infection, past exposure, BCG vaccinated

Flashcard 6: lead-time bias

Answer: early detection confused with increased survival (e.g. cancer screening)

Flashcard 7: sensitivity (epidemiology)

Answer: The probability that a test detects disease when disease is present.

Extra: Sens = TP/(TP+FN)

Flashcard 8: specificity (test parameter)

Answer: The probability that a test indicates non-disease when disease is absent.

Extra: Spec = TN/(TN+FP)

Flashcard 9: One use of Mammography as a screening tool is to detect invasive carcinoma before it becomes _____

Answer: clinically palpable

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org?ref=anki 

Flashcard 10: What is the diagnostic cutoff for the 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus? _____

Answer: ≥ 200 mg/dL

Extra:   Watch Diabetes Mellitus Pathogenesis & Acute Clinical Manifestations [https://dashboard.sketchy.com/study/medical/courses/medical-pathophysiology/units/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine/videos/medical-pathophysiology-endocrine-diabetes-diabetes-mellitus-pathogenesis-and-acute-clinical-manifestations?utm_source=anki&utm_medium=partnership&utm_campaign=february_update&utm_content=medical] https://onlinemeded.org/spa/endocrinology/outpatient-diabetes/acquire?ref=anki