Study Design — Flashcards

Flashcard 171: Multiple sclerosis is more commonly seen in caucasians in regions _____ the equator (towards or away from)

Answer: away from

Flashcard 172: What statistical test is used to test the association between two or more categorical variables? _____

Answer: Chi-squared

Flashcard 173: Which demographic (Men, Women, or Children) has **Leukemia**, **Brain/CNS**, and **Soft tissue sarcoma** as the top 3 causes of cancer death in the United States?

Answer: Children (age 0-14)

Extra: Top 3 causes of cancer mortality in the US: - **Men:** 1. Lung, 2. Prostate, 3. Colon/Rectum - **Women:** 1. Lung, 2. Breast, 3. Colon/Rectum - **Children (0-14):** 1. Brain/CNS, 2. Leukemia, 3. Soft tissue sarcoma Note: While Leukemia is more common (incidence), Brain/CNS tumors are currently the leading cause of cancer *death* in children.

Flashcard 174: Increased precision is associated with _____ standard deviation

Answer: decreased

Flashcard 175: The Mortality Rate measures the _____ due to a specific disease in a population at risk

Answer: speed of death

Flashcard 176: Concealment is critical in preventing _____

Answer: selection bias

Flashcard 177: What type of study is at the pinnacle of the hierarchy of medical evidence?_____

Answer: Meta analysis

Flashcard 178: _____ studies are observational studies that compare the frequency with which monozygotic and dizygotic twins develop the same disease

Answer: Twin concordance

Flashcard 179: The probability of making a type 1 error is represented by _____

Answer: alpha

Flashcard 180: What country consumes a large amount of smoked meats in their diet, resulting high rates of intestinal gastric cancer?_____

Answer: Japan