Pragmatic vs explanatory trials — Flashcards

Flashcard 1: Relative risk reduction is equal to _____

Answer: 1 - relative risk

Flashcard 2: The number needed to treat (NNT) is equal to _____

Answer: 1/ARR

Flashcard 3: Phase III

Answer: Large numbers of people with the disease of interest; RCT format

Extra: Compares new treatment to existing standard of care

Flashcard 4: Are Randomization and Allocation Concealment the same? _____

Answer: No

Extra: **Randomization** aims to balance baseline characteristics (known and unknown confounders) between study groups. **Allocation concealment** prevents selection bias by shielding the assignment sequence from those enrolling participants until the moment of assignment.

Flashcard 5: Concealment is critical in preventing _____

Answer: selection bias

Extra:  https://onlinemeded.org/spa/epidemiology-and-stats/bias/acquire?ref=anki 

Flashcard 6: _____ risk reduction is the proportion of risk reduction attributable to an intervention compared to a control

Answer: Relative

Flashcard 7: Randomization is critical in preventing _____

Answer: confounding bias

Flashcard 8: Are Randomization and Concealment the same?

Answer: No. - **Randomization** ensures that baseline characteristics (confounders) are balanced between study groups. - **Allocation Concealment** ensures that researchers cannot influence or predict which group a participant is assigned to, preventing selection bias.

Flashcard 9: Blinding (the cardinal feature of RCTs) is critical in reducing _____

Answer: measurement bias